ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effectiveness of spirituality therapy training based on positivity on life expectancy and life satisfaction in adolescents
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of spirituality therapy training based on positivity on life expectancy and life satisfaction in adolescents.
Methodology: The Methods of present study was a semi-experimental research and a pretest- posttest design with control group. The statistical population were included all high school students in the first grade (year) in Shiraz city that 60 of them were selected through convenience sampling and then based on random assignment of subjects divided into experimental and control groups (each group include 30 subject). The subjects responded to Snyder Hope questionnaire and life satisfaction. Data was analyzed by using univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) method.
Findings: The univariate analysis of covariance showed that spirituality therapy training had significant effect on increasing life expectancy in experimental group (P
https://tpccp.um.ac.ir/article_32193_2864319cb9ef2d485aaa48fbedebafc5.pdf
2016-05-21
5
23
10.22067/ijap.v6i1.41092
spirituality therapy
positivity
life expectancy
Life satisfaction
saman
kamari
s.kamari68@gmail.com
1
shiraz university
AUTHOR
mahboubeh
fooladchang
foolad@shirazu.ac.ir
2
shiraz university
LEAD_AUTHOR
Azhdarifard, P., Ghazi, G.h., & nooranipour, R. (2010). The Investigation Effect of mysticism and spirituality training on mental health of students. Journal of Modern Thoughts in Education, 5 (2), 106-27. [In Persian].
1
Bahrami-Dashtaki, H., Alizadeh, H., Ghobaribonab, B., & Karami, A. (2006). Effectiveness of spirituality training with group method to reduce depression of students. Counseling Research & Developments, 5 (19): 49-72. [In Persian].
2
Benzein, E., Norberg, A., & Saveman, B. I. (2001). The meaning of the lived experience of hope in patients with cancer in palliative home care.Palliative Medicine, 15(2), 117–126.
3
Bolhari, J., Naziri, G.H., & Zamanian, S. (2012). Effectiveness of spiritual group therapy approach to the reduction of depression, anxiety and stress in women with breast cancer. Quarterly Journal of Sociology of Women, 3(1): 85-116. [In Persian].
4
Bolhary, J. (1999). Studding the relationship between stressors and stress syndrome and the amount of trust to God in medical Education. Department of Health Research. Medical Education Tehran Psychiatric Institute. [In Persian].
5
Diener, E., Oishi, S., & Lucas, R. R. (2003). Personality, culture, and subjective well-being: Emotional and cognitive evaluation of life. Annual Review of Psychology, 54, 403-425.
6
Dockray, S., & Steptoe, A. (2010). Positive affect and psychobiological processes. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 35 (1), 69-79.
7
Ebadi, N., Sodani, M., Faghihi, A., & Hosseinpour, M. (2010). Effectiveness of positive training with an emphasis on the Quran to increasing life expectancy divorced women in Ahwaz. Journal of New findings in Psychology, 4(10):71-84. [In Persian].
8
Fallah, R., Glozary, M., Dastani, M., Zahireddin, A., R., Moosavi, S.M., & Akbari, M.S. (2011). Effectiveness of spiritual interventions to promote mental health in women with breast cancer. AndishevaRaftar Quarterly Jourrnal, 5 (19): 69-80. [In Persian].
9
Friedberg, R. D., & McClure, J. M. (2002). Clinical practice of cognitive therapy with children and adolescent. New York: The Guilford.
10
Ghobari-Bonab, B. (2009). Counseling and psychotherapy with a spiritual approach. Tehran: Aaron Publications. [In Persian].
11
Ghobari-Bonan, B., Salimi, M., Solimani, L., & Norimoghadam, S. (2005). Spiritual Intelligence. Journal of Modern Religious Thought, 10: 125-47. [In Persian].
12
Hamdyh, M., & Taraghijah, S. (2008). Effectiveness of group cognitive psychotherapy approach on depression. Shahid Beheshti University Research Journal, 13(5):383-89. [In Persian].
13
Ho, M. Y., Cheung, F. M., & Cheung, S. F. (2010). The role of meaning in life and optimism in promoting well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 48, 658-663.
14
Ho, S. M.Y., & Kwong, R. S.Y. (2012). Dispositional Hope as a Protective Factor among Medical Emergency Professionals – A Preliminary Investigation. Traumatology. 18. 1 – 7.
15
Holy Quran. Translated by Mehdi Elahi Qmshhay, (1988).Tehran: Quran Publishing Foundation.
16
Jabari, M. (2012). Comparison the effectiveness of positively training with cognitive-behavioral training package in reducing symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress, and increase the life satisfaction of adolescent girls. MA Dissertation in clinical psychology, Shahid Beheshti University. [In Persian].
17
Kelley, B. S., & Miller, L. (2007). Life satisfaction and spirituality in adolescents. Research in the Social Scientific Study of Religion, 18, 223-261.
18
Khan, M. A., Shirazi, M., & Ahmed, M. (2011). Spirituality and life satisfaction among adolescents in India. Journal of Subcontinent Researches, 3(7) ، 71-84.
19
Khodayarifard, M. (2000). Application optimism in psychotherapy with an emphasis on Islamic perspective Psychology & Education, 5 (1), 140-164. [In Persian].
20
Lopez, S. J., Bouwkamp, J., Edwards, L. M., & Teramoto Pediotti, J. (2000). Making hope happen via brief interventions. Paper presented at the Second Positive Psychology Summit, Washington, DC.
21
Lotfikashani, F., Vaziri, S.H., Ghaysar, S.H., Mousavi, S., & Hashemiyeh, M. (2012). Effectiveness of spiritual interventions in improving of quality of life mothers of children with cancer. Journal of Medical Figh, 4(11, 12): 125-49. [In Persian].
22
Maknight, D. (2005). An investignation into the relationship between spirituality and life satisfaction. www. proqest. com.
23
Martin, M. W. (2012). Happiness and the good life. New York: Free Press.
24
Mascaro, N., & Rosen, D. H. (2005). Existential meaning's role in the enhancement of hope and prevention of depressive symptoms. Journal of Personality, 73(4), 985-1014.
25
Mortazavi, S.H. (2004). Relationship between Self-Efficacy and Perceived support from family, friends and teachers closely associated with life satisfaction in a sample of high school students in Tehran. Journal of Educational Innovation, 8 (3): 13-39. [In Persian].
26
Movahed, A. (2003). Investigation the causal relationship between religious attitudes, optimism, mental and physical health in student Shahid Chamran University. MA dissertation in Shahid Chamran University. [In Persian].
27
Newman, B. M., & Newman, P. R. (2009). Develapment through life: A psychological approach (3th Ed.). Stamford: Wadsworth Cengage Learnig.
28
Nicolson, D. Ayers, H. (2004). Adolescent problems: a practical guide for parents, teachers and counsellors. London: David Fulton.
29
O’honlon, B., & Bertolino, B. (2012). The therapist’s notebook on positive psychology. New York: Routledge.
30
Osullivan, G. (2010). The Relationship between Hope, Eustress, Self-Efficacy, and Life Satisfaction among Undergraduates. Springer Science+ Business Media B.V.18 July.
31
Otto, M. W., Simon, N. M., Olatunji, B. O., Sung, S. C., & Pollack, M. H. (2011). 10 Minute CBT, Integrating cognitive behavioral strategies into your practice. New York: Oxford University Press.
32
Parcham, A., & Mohagheghian, Z. (2011). A comparative study of ways to create and increase hope from positive psychology perspective and Quran view. Marefat Journal, 20 (164): 99-113. [In Persian].
33
Pasandideh, A., Golzari, M., & Barati-Sadeh, F. (2012). The theoretical basis for satisfaction of Islamic perspective. Religious & Psychology, 5 (4): 85-104 [In Persian].
34
Peterson, C., Park, N. & Seligman, M.E.P. (2005). Orientations to happiness and life satisfaction: the full life versus the empty life, Journal of Happiness Studies, 6, 25–41.
35
Rahi, R., Razavi Nematolahei, V., Manzari Tavakoli, A. (2013). The relationship between the practice of religious beliefs and depression. Applied psychology. 4، 44-51 [In Persian].
36
Rashid, T. (2008). Positive Psychotherapy. In Lopez, S. J. (Ed.) Positive psychology: Exploring the best in people. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Company.
37
Revheim, N., Greenberg, W.M. (2007). Spirituality Matters: Creating a time and Place for Hope. Psychiatric RehabilitationJournal, 30(4).307-310.
38
Seligman, M. E. P. (2011). Flourish: A visionary new understanding of happiness and well-being. New York: Free Press.
39
Seligman, M.E.P., Ernst, R.M., Gillham, J., Reivich, K., & Linkins, M. (2009). Positive education: positive psychology and classroom interventions. Oxford Review of Education, 35(3) ، 293-311.
40
Shah, R., Kulhara, P., Grover, S., Kumar, S., malhotra, R., & Tyagi, S. (2011). Relationship between spirituality/religiousness and coping in patients with residual schizophrenia. Qual Life Res, DOI 10.1007/s11136-010-9839-6.
41
Sharifi, T. (2002). The study of the relationship between religious attitudes and mental health, depression, anxiety, aggression and tolerance in Ahwaz, Islamic Azad University Students. MA dissertation in Islamic Azad University [In Persian].
42
Simoni, J, M. Marton, M, G. Kerwin, J. (2002). Spirituality and psychological adaptation among women with HIV/AIDS: Implications for counseling. Journal of Counseling Psychology. 49(2) ، 139-147.
43
Snyder, C. R. (2000). Handbook of Hope. Orlando FL: Academic Press.
44
Snyder, C. R., Harris, C., Anderson, J. R., Holleran, S. A., Irving, L. M., Sigmon, S. T.,& et al. (1991). The will and the ways: Development and validation of an individual differences measure of hope. Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 570–585.
45
Snyder, C.R., & Lopez, S.L. (2007). Positive psychology: The scientific and practical explorations of human strengths. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, London, New Delhi.
46
Suldo, S. M., Savage, J. A., & Mercer, S. H. (2013). Increasing middle school student’s life satisfaction: Efficacy of a positive of a positive psychology group intervention. Journal of Happiness Study, 25, 97-121.
47
Wong, S. & Lim, T. (2009).Hope versus optimism in Singaporean adolescent: Contribution to depression and life satisfaction. Psychological Studies Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nan Yang Technological University, 1 Nan Yang Walk, Singapore 637616, Republic of Singapore.
48
Zinnbauer, B. J. & Pargament, K. I. (2005). Religiousness and spirituality. In R.F. Paloutzian & C. L. Perk (Eds.), Handbook of the psychology of religion and spirituality (pp. 21-42). New York: Guilford Press.
49
Zullig, K. J., Ward, R. M., & Horn, T. (2006). The association between perceived spirituality, religiosity, and life satisfaction: The mediating role of self-rated health. Social Indicators Research, 79, 255-274.
50
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The role of theory of mind and empathy in predicting behavioral emotional problems in students from typical and single parent (The case of divorce) families
Purpose: The present study was to investigating the role of theory of mind and empathy in predicting behavioral-emotional problems in students from typical and divorce families that done the cause-comparison and correlation method.
Methodology: The subjects were 293 of the girl students of fifth and sixth grades Which were selected by multi-stage cluttering sampling method. The tools are three questionnaires: theory of mind, empathy, and Child Behavior Checklist. For analyzing the data, multiple regression method, multi variable variance analysis test and Fisher’s Z-test formula has been used.
Findings: The results show that the theory of mind is capable to predict behavioral-emotional problems in students from typical families, but not those of the students from divorce families. No meaningful relationship has been observed between the empathy capability and behavioral-emotional problems from none of the two groups of students. Results also show students from divorce families demonstrate more behavioral-emotional problems. Comparing the correlation between the theory of mind and empathy with behavioral-emotional problems in students shows that the correlations gained from the two groups show no meaningful statistical difference.
https://tpccp.um.ac.ir/article_32203_be6c9978ba1c7500051c307466fac6b7.pdf
2016-05-21
24
43
10.22067/ijap.v6i1.35494
theory of mind
empathy
behavioral-emotional problems
divorce
Students
farah
hashemi
hashemi.farah1982@gmail.com
1
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
LEAD_AUTHOR
amir
amin yazdi
yazdi@um.ac.ir
2
ferdowsi university of mashhad
AUTHOR
Hossein
Kareshki
karshki@gmail.com
3
ferdowsi university of mashhad
AUTHOR
Abu-Akel, A. Abushua'leh, K. (2004). Theory of mind' in violent and nonviolent patients with paranoid schizophrenia.Schizophrenia Research, 69(1), 45 – 53.
1
Amato, P & Cheadle, J. (2005). The long reach of divorce: divorce and child well – being across three generations. Journal of marriage and family, 67, 191 – 206.
2
Amin Yazdi, SA. (2004). Social cognition: development of theory of mind reasoning in children. Studies of education and psychology, 5(1), 43-66. (In Persian)
3
Arefi, M & Latifian, M. (2011). The role of empathy and Makyavlysty belief in sufficiency and insufficiency of social nine to twelve- years- old students. Theaching and learning studies, 3(1), 61-82. (In Persian)
4
Banky, Y. Amiri, SH & Asadi, S. (2009). The effectiveness of on the rate of separation anxiety and depression in children of divorced parents. Clinical psychology & personality, 16(37). 1-8. (In Persian)
5
Cao, Y. Zhao, Q. Hu, L. Sun, Z. Yun, W & Yuan, Y. (2013). Theory of mind deficits in patients with esophageal cancer combined with depression. World journal of gastroen terology, 19(19), 2969-2973.
6
Decety, J. (2011). Dissecting the neural mechanisms mediating empathy. Emotion Review, 3(1), 92-108.
7
Dronkers, J. (1999). The effects of parental conflicts and divorce on the well- being of pupils in Dutch secondary education. Uropean sociological review, 15(2), 195- 212.
8
Fahie, C & Symons, P. (2003). Executive functioning and theory of mind in children clinically referred for attention and behavior problems. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 24(1), 51 – 73.
9
Gately, D & Schwebel, A. (1993). Farvorable outcomes in children after parental divorce. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 18(3- 4), 57- 78.
10
Gillott, A. Furniss, F & Walter, A. (2004). Theory of mind ability in children with specific languge impairment. Child languge teaching and therapy, 20(1), 1- 11.
11
Jacobson, D. (1978). The impact of marital separation/divorce on children. Journal of Divorce, 1(4), 341- 360
12
Jolliffe, D & Farrington, D. (2006). Examining the relationship between low empathy and bulling. Aggressive behavior, 32 (6), 540 – 550.
13
Kajbaf, MB. Areizy, HR. Amiri, SH & Kahnogi, R. (2011). The efficacy of cognitive-behavioral family therapy on behavioral problems in children exposed to divorce. Journal of shahed university, 3(4), 1-8. (In Persian)
14
Kanba, S. (2009). S61-01 Deficit in theory of mind is a risk factor for relapse of major depression. European Psychiatry, 24(1), 294.
15
Kelly, J & Emery, R. (2003). Children's adjustment following divorce: risk and resilience perspective. Family relations, 52, 352-362.
16
Kelly, J. (2000). Children's adjustment in conflicted marriage and divorce: Adecade review of research. Journal of the American Academy of child & adolescent psychiatry, 39(8), 963- 973.
17
Klopper, ME. (2010). Does Mind-Reading Matter for Adolescent Social Functioning? A Study of Theory of Mind, Social Anxiety and Social Acceptance. School of Psychology, the University of Queensland.1-123.
18
Kramer, P & Smith, G. (1998). Easing the pain of divorce through children’s literature. Early childhood education Journal, 26(2), 89- 94.
19
Landucei, N. (2008). The impact of divorce on children: what school counselors need to know? University of Wisconsin-Stout, 1-30.
20
Lane, K. Barton-Arwood, S. Nelson, J. Wehby, J. (2008). Academic Performance of Students with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders Served in a Self-Contained Setting. Journal of Behavioral Education, 17(1), 43- 62.
21
Leon, K. (2003). Risk and protective factors in young children's adjustment to parental divorce: A review of the research. Family Relations, 52(3), 258- 270.
22
Loudin, J. Loukas, A & Robinson, S. (2003). Relational aggression in college students: Examining the roles of social anxiety and empathy. Aggressive Behavior, 29 (5), 430 – 439.
23
Maes, S. Moland, J & Buysse, A. (2011). Children's experiences and meaning construction on parental divorce: A focus group study. Childhood, 19(2), 266- 279.
24
Mahmud, Z. Aziz, R. Salleh, A & Amat, S. (2011). Counseling children of divorce. World applied science s Journal 14(learning innovation and intervention for diverse learners), 21- 27.
25
Minaei, A. (2006). Adaptation and Standardization of the child behavior checklist Akhen bakh, self-assessment questionnaire and teacher report form. Research in exceptional children, 6 (1), 529-558. (In Persian)
26
Nummenmea, L. Hirvonen, J. Parkkola, R & Hietanen, J. (2008). Is emotional contagion special? An fMRI study on neural system for affective and cognitive empathy. Neuro image, 43, 571 – 580.
27
Peterson, C & Siegal, M. (2000). Insights in to theoty of mind from deafness and autism. Mind & language, 15(1), 132- 145.
28
Qarebaghi, F & Vafaie, M. (2007). Marital conflict, assess and cognitive coping child with conflicts between parents and psychopathological symptoms and health child. Research in mental health, 2(1). 49-60. (In Persian)
29
Qarebaghi, F & Vafaie, M. (2009). Evaluation of cognition, emotion-oriented coping with conflicts in the family and the health child: To investigate cognitive theory of stress in school chidren. Psychological studies, 5(4), 67-84. (In Persian)
30
Qarebaghi, F; Agvilar Vafaie, M & Allahyari, AA. (2009). Emotional security in the family, the child, s cognitive assessment of parental conflict and child psychopathological symptoms: Exploring the mediating mechanisms. Journal of psychiatry and clinical psychology, 15 (1), 70-80. (In Persian)
31
Qbari Bonab, B. parand, A. KHanzade Fyrozjoh, AH. Mulali, G & Nemati, SH. (2009). The onset of behavioral problems among primary school students in Tehran. Research in exceptional children, 9(3), 223-238. (In Persian)
32
Razavieh, A. Latifian, M & Arefi, M. (2006). Theory of mind and empathy inpredicting agreesive behaviors, communication, clear and friendly community of students. Studies of psychology, 2(3, 4), 35-38. (In Persian)
33
Reniers, R. Corcoran, R. Vollm, B. Mashru, A. Howard, R & Liddle, P.(2012). Moral decision - making, TOM, empathy and the default mode network. Biological Psychology, 90, 202-210.
34
Rieffe, C. Ketelaar, L & Wiefferink, C. (2010). Assessing empathy in young children: construction and validation of an empathy questionnaire (EMQUE). Personality and individual differences, 49(5), 362- 367.
35
Sun, Y & Li, Y. (2009). Parental divorce, sibship size, family resources and children s academic performance. Social science research. 38(3), 622- 634.
36
Sundqvist, A & Ronnberg, J. (2010). Advanced theory of mind children using augmentative and alternative communication. Communication Disorders Quarterly. 31(2), 86-97.
37
Vahedi, SH & Fathizade, E. (2006). Teaching social competence in reduction aggression in preschool children: report of 6 cases. Jornal of the fundamentals of mental health, 8 (31, 32), 131-140. (In Persian)
38
Vollm, B. Taylor, A. Richardson, P. Corcoran, R. Stirling, J. Mckie, S. Deakin, J & Elliott, R.(2006). Neuronal correlates of theory of mind and empathy: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study in a nonverbal task. Neuro image, 29, 90- 98.
39
Wang, Yg. Wang, Yi. Linchen, S & Kai wang, Ch. (2008). Theory of mind disability in major depression with or without psychotic symptoms: A componential view. Psychiatry research, 161, 153 – 161.
40
Woolfe, T. Want, S & Siegal, M. (2003). Siblings and theory of mind in deaf native signing children. Journal of deaf studies and deaf education, 8(3), 340- 347.
41
Yousefi, F & rahimi, M. (2010). The role of family communication patterns of empathy and self-control in children. Journal of family research, 6 (4), 433-447. (In Persian)
42
Zargar, Y, Mohammadi Bahram Abady, R & Bassak nezhad, S. (2012). Evaluation of family processes as predictors of behavior problems in high school second grade students yasuj. Psychology school, 1(2), 77-103. (In Persian)
43
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Comparison of Object relations and Relation with Father in Divorce Demanding and Non-demanding Individuals
Purpose: The comparison of object relational dimensions and perceived fatherhood relation in Divorce Demanding and Non-demanding Individuals.
Methodology: For this purpose, 122 divorce demanding individuals and 117 non-demanding divorce individuals completed Bell Object Relations Inventory (BORI) and Fatherhood Scale (FS). Then the data were analyzed by Two Way ANOVA, using SPSS-20.
Findings: Results showed that there is significant difference between object relational dimensions (Alienation, Attachment, Ego Centricity, and Social Incompetence) and Father Negative Engagement, Father Good Provider Role, Father Positive Emotional Responsiveness, and Moral Father Role in two groups. It seems that having object relational deficiency and having negative object from father and relation with him can lead to marital dissatisfaction and then rupture marital relation.
https://tpccp.um.ac.ir/article_32227_e20056eca3da3c11cac3b92125f19ee1.pdf
2016-05-21
44
59
10.22067/ijap.v6i1.41009
Object Relations
Perceived Fatherhood Relation
Divorce Demanding Individuals
Hajar
Falahzade
falahzade@yahoo.com
1
SHahid Beheshti
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ramin
Hashemi Gashnigani
raminhashemi69@gmail.com
2
Shahid Beheshti University of Tehran
AUTHOR
Amato, P. R. (2010). Research on divorce: Continuing trends and new developments. Journal of Marriage and Family, 72, 650-666.
1
Bell, M. (1995). Bell Object Relations and Reality Testing Inventory (BORRTI). By Western Psychological Services.
2
Bell, M., Billington, R., & Becker, B. (1986). A scale for the assessment of object relations: Reliability, validity, and factorial invariance. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 42, 733-741.
3
Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and Loss. Attachment. Vol.1. New York: Basic Books.
4
Both, A., & Amato, p. R. (1994). Parental Marital Quality, Parental Divorce, and Relations with parents. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 56, 21-34.
5
Braver, S. l., & Lamb, M. E. (2013). Marital Dissolution. G. W. Peterson & K. R. Bush (Eds.). Handbook of Marriage and the Family, Springer, Business Media, New York, pp.487-516.
6
Casiano, R. (2010). The Influence of Father-Daughter Relationship Quality on Current Romantic Relationship Quality in Women. A dissertation submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, The University of Oklahoma.
7
Catlett, B. S., & MCkenry, P.C. (2004). Class-Bassed Masculinities: Divorce, Fatherhood, and the Hegemonic Idea. Fathering, Vol. 2, 165-190.
8
Chen, A. C., & Thompson, E. A. (2007). Preventing Adolescent Risky Sexual Behaviors: parents Matter! Journal of Specialists in Pediatric Nursing, 12, 119-122.
9
Cleveland, H. H., & Gilson, M. (2004). The Increased Importance of Mother-Child Relationships on Sexual Behaviors of Adolescents in Disadvantaged Neighborhoods. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 33, 319-329.
10
Cusimano, A. M., & Riggs, S. A. (2013). Perceptions of interparental conflict, romantic attachment, and psychological distress in college students. Couple and Family Psychology: Research and Practice, 21, 45-59.
11
Dick, G. L. (2004). The fatherhood scale. Research on Social Work Practice, 14, 80-92.
12
Dicks, H.V. (1963). Object Relations Theory and Marital Studies. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 36, 1-12
13
D’Onofrio, B., Turkheimer, E., Emery, R., Maes, H., Silberg, J., & Eaves, L. (2007). A children of twins’ study of parental divorce and offspring psychopathology. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48, 667–675
14
Donovan, J. M. (2003). Short-Term Object Relation Couples Therapy: the Five Step Model. New York: Brunner-Routledge.
15
Famenini, M. (2013).the Role of Father Parenting Perception with Separation-Individuation Level and Attachment Style in University Students. M. A dissertation in Shahid Beheshti University (In Persian).
16
Fincham, F. D. (2003). Marital Conflict: Correlates, Structure, and Context. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 12, 23-26.
17
Feeny, J. A. (2005). Hurt Feelings in Couple Relationships: Exploring the Role of Attachment and perceptions of personal Injury. Personal relationships, 12, 253-271.
18
Fingerson, L. (2005). Do Mothers' Opinions Matter in Teens' Sexual Activity? Journal of Family Issues, 26, 947-974.
19
Framo, J. (1970). Symptoms from a Family Transactional viewpoint. In Family Therapy in Transition, (Ed). N. Ackerman, J. Lieb, and K.Pearce, PP. 125-171. Boston: Little, Brown.
20
Gallagher, J. J. (2008). The Father-Daughter Relationship: A Father's Impact on his Daughter's Psychological development with Particular Focus on a Daughter's Formation of Adult Intimate relationships, a Clinical Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Degree Doctor of Philosophy to the Faculty of the California School of Professional Psychology, San Francisco Campus, Alliant International University.
21
Gottman, J. M. (1997). The Heart of Parenting: How to Raise an Emotionally Intelligent Child. Translated to Persian by Hamid Reza Balooch, Tehran, Rooshd Publisher (2010). (In Persian)
22
Goutler, B. & Minninger, J. (1993). The Father Daughter Dance: Insight Inspiration, and Understanding for Every Woman and her Father. New York: Ny: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
23
Grish, J. H., & Finchaam, F. D. (2001). Interpersonal Conflict and Child Development: Theory, Research and Application. The Cambridge University Press.
24
Guardia, A. C., Nelson, J. A., & Lertera, L. M. (2014). The Impact of Father Absence on Daughters Sexual Development and Behaviors: Implications for Professional Counselors. The Family Journal: Counseling and Therapy for Couples and Families, 22, 339-346.
25
Hadley, J. A., Holloway, E. L., & Mallinckrodt, B. (1993). Common Aspects of Object Relations and Self Representations in Offspring from Disparate Dysfunctional Families. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 40, 348-356.
26
Haaz, D. H., Kneavel, M., & Browning, S. W. (2014). The Father–Daughter Relationship and Intimacy in the Marriages of Daughters of Divorce. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 55, 164-177.
27
Higgins, K. L. (2009). Healthy Father-Daughter Relationships, Self-image, and Resilience: Associations in a Sample of College Women. A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Psychology in the College of Science and Mathematics, California State University, Fresno.
28
Jones, A. E. (2007). The Impact of the Father-Daughter Dyad on Female Sexuality, Self-Concept, and Interpersonal Relationships with Men. A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the Chicago School of Professional Psychology in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Psychology
29
Jordan, J. V. (2008). Recent Developments in Relational-Cultural Theory. Women & Therapy, 31, 1-4.
30
Keller, M. J. (2009). Object Representation, Relationship Satisfaction, Maternal-Fetal Attachment, and Depression in High Risk Pregnancy. Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
31
Kobak, R. (1999). The Emotional Dynamics of Disruptions In attachment Relationships. In J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver (Eds). Handbook of Attachment (PP. 21-43). New York: Guilford
32
Koon, T. J. (2011). Father-Daughter Relationship Quality as a Predictor of Sexual Activity in Adolescent Women. A Dissertation submitted to the Department of Family and Child Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
33
Lamb, M. E., & Lewis, C. (2004). The Development and Sinificance of Father-Child Relationships in Two Parent Families. In Lamb, M. E. (Ed.), The Role of The Father in Child Development, Fourth Edition (PP. 272-306). Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
34
Lansford, J., Malone, P., Castellino, D., Dodge, K., Pettit, G., & Bates, J. (2006). Trajectories of internalizing, externalizing, and grades for children who have and have not experienced their parents’ divorce or separation. Journal of Family Psychology, 20, 292–301.
35
Lengua, L. J., Wolchik, S. A., Sandler, I. N., & West, S. G. (2000). The additive and interactive effects of parenting and temperament in predicting problems of children of divorce. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 29, 232–244.
36
Miculincer, M. & Shaver, P. R. (2004). Security-based self-Representation in Adulthood: Contents and Processes. In W. S. Rholes & J. A. Simpson (Eds.), Adult Attachment: Theory, Research, and Clinical Implications (PP. 159- 195). New York: Gilford Press.
37
Millando, M. A. (2005). Influence of Father-Daughter Relationship, Parental Identifications, and Age at Divorce on Young Women's Identity Development. A Dissertation submitted to the Adelphi University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
38
Miller, I. (2002). How Change Happens: Controlling Images, Mutuality, and Power. Work in Progress, 96, 1-10.
39
Morgan, J. V. (2001). Father-Daughter Relationships as a Predictor of Marital Intimacy. Ph.D. Dissertation, the University of Alabama. Available from: http:/www.ProQuest.umi. Accessed July 26, 2015.
40
Newland, L. A., & Coyl, D. D. (2010). Fathers Role as Attachment Figures: an Interview with Sir Richard Bowlby. Early Childhood Development and Care, 180, 25-32.
41
Reza Goli Zade, T. (2011). The Relationship between Father Loss and Object Relations with Narcissistic Personality Disorder. M. A dissertation in Shahid Beheshti University (In Persian).
42
Richards, M. H., Gitelson, I. B., Peterson, A. C., & Hutig, A. L. (1991). Adolescent Personality in Girls and Boys: The Role of Mothers and Fathers. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 15, 65-81.
43
Roth, K. E., Harkins, D. A., & Eng, L. A. (2014). Parental Conflict During Divorce as an Indicator of Adjustment and Future Relationships: A Retrospective Sibling Study. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 55, 117-138.
44
Scharff, D., & Scharff, J. S. (1987). Object Relations Family Therapy. Northvale, NJ: Jason Aronson.
45
Sheffler, J. S. & Naus, P. J. (1999). The Relationship Between Fatherly Affirmation and Women's Self-Esteem, Fear of Intimacy, Comfort with Womanhood and Comfort with Sexuality. The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality, 8, 39-50.
46
Sigel, p. s. (1992). Repairing Intimacy: an Object Relations Approach to Couples Therapy. London: Jason Aronson.
47
Snarey, J. (1993). How Fathers Care for the Next Generation. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
48
Troxel, W., & Matthew, K. (2004). What are the costs of marital conflict and dissolution to children’s physical health? Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 7, 29–57.
49
Wallerstein, J., & Blakeslee, S. (1989). Second Chances: Men, Women, and Children a Decade after Divorce. New York: Ticknor & Fields.
50
Welsh, D. P., Grello, C. M., and Harper, M. S. (2003). When love hurts: Depression and adolescent romantic relationships. In Florsheim, P. (ed.), Adolescent Romantic Relations and Sexual Behavior: Theory, Research, and Practical Implications. Lawrence Erlbaum, Mahwah.
51
Williams, S. K. & Kelly, F. D. (2005). Relationships among Involvement, Attachment, and Behavioral Problems in Adolescence: Examining Father's Influence. Journal of Early Adolescence, 25, 168-312.
52
Young, M. E. & Long, L. L. (2006). Counseling and Therapy for Couples. Brooks/Cole-Thomson Learning.
53
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Predicting Marital Instability based on Emotion Regulation Skills and Identity Styles
Purpose: Current study aimed to predict Marital instability based on Identity styles and Emotion regulation skills among married women in Qouchan.
Methodology: 331 female Teachers were selected using single-stage cluster random sampling and were asked to answer the Identity Style Questionnaires (ISI-6G), Emotion Regulation Skill Questionnaires (ERSQ) and Marital Instability Index (MII). Data were analyzed using, Pearson product moment correlation, and Stepwise regression methods.
Findings: results showed that there is significant negative correlation between informative identity style (r= -0.40), normative identity style (r= -0.30), and emotion regulation skill (r= -0.35) with marital instability. Also the positive relationship between diffused-avoidant identity Style (r= 0.33) and marital instability was statistically significant. Results also showed that information identity, diffused-avoidant identity, normative identity, and emotion regulation skills significantly predict marital instability. According to the findings, Identity styles played the greatest role in predicting the criterion variable. Therefore, we can conclude that, if married female teachers have a comprehensive self-understanding with high abilities on their emotion regulation, their marriage would be more stable.
https://tpccp.um.ac.ir/article_32246_19a37b670c32705b573406a00862d776.pdf
2016-05-21
60
76
10.22067/ijap.v6i1.51140
Marital Instability
Emotion Regulation Skill
Identity Styles
Aliakbar
soliemanian
soliemanian@gmail.com
1
University of Kharazmi
LEAD_AUTHOR
Reza
Reyhani
rezareyhani69@gmail.com
2
University of Bojnord
AUTHOR
Morteza
Nazifee
mnazifee@gmail.com
3
University of Tarbiatmodareses
AUTHOR
Afrasiabi, F., & Jafarizadeh, M R. (2015). Study of the Relationship between Personal Factors and Emotional Divorce, Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 6(6) 406-411.
1
Ahmadi, Kh., Davazdah-Emami, MH., Shahyad, Sh., & Akhavanrad, Sh. (2012). Family stability in military and nonmilitary families, Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 6(1) 31-37. (In persion)
2
Berking, M. (2010). Training Emotionaler Kompetenzen. Heidelberg, Springer. (English translation: The Affect Regulation Training. New York, Springer, in press).
3
Berking, M., & Znoj, H. (2008). Entwicklung und Validierungeines Fragebogens zurstandardisierten Selbsteinschatzungemotionaler Kompetenzen (SEK-27) [Development and validation of the Emotion Regulation Skills Questionnaire (ERSQ-27)], Zeitschriftfür Psychiatrie, Psychologie und Psychotherapie, 52, 142–151.
4
Berzonsky, M. D. (1989). Identity style conceptualization and measurement, Journal of Adolescent Research, 4, 268-282.
5
Berzonsky, M. D. (1990). Self-construction over the life-span: A process perspective on identity formation, Advances in Personal Construct Psychology, 1, 155-186.
6
Berzonsky, M. D. (1997). Identity development, control theory, and self- regulation: An individual differences perspective, Journal of Adolescent Research, 12, 347-353.
7
Berzonsky, M. D, (2003). Identity styles and well-being: Does commitment matter?, Identity: An International Journal of Theory and Research, 3, 131-142.
8
Berzonsky, M. D., & Ferrari, J. R. (2009). A diffuse-avoidant identity processing style: Strategic avoidance or self confusion?, Identity: An International Journal of Theory and Research, 9, 145–158.
9
Bloch, L., Haase, C. M., & Levenson, R. W. (2014). Emotion Regulation Predicts Marital Satisfaction: More Than a Wives’ Tale, Emotion, 14(1) 130-144.
10
Breitenbach, A. (2013). The influence of children on marital stability, British Journal of Arts and Social Sciences, 14, 148-157.
11
Boden, Matthew Tyler, Stefan Westermann, Kateri McRae, Janice Kuo, Jennifer Alvarez, Madhur R. Kulkarni, James J. Gross, and Marcel O. Bonn-Miller. (2013). “Emotion Regulation and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Prospective Investigation.” Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 32(3) 296-314.
12
Booth, D R., Johnson, L W., & Edwards, J N. (1984). Women, Outside Employment, and Marital Instability, American Journal of Sociology, 90(3) 567-583.
13
Campbell-Sills, L., Ellard, K., & Barlow, D. H. (2014). Emotion regulation in anxiety disorders. In J. J. Gross (Ed.), Handbook of emotion regulation (2nd ed., pp. 393–412). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
14
Chen, Kun-Hu., Lay, Keng-Ling., & Wu, En-Chang. (2013). the Predictability of Identity Importance and Identity Firmness to Depression: Developmental Changes across Adolescence, Chinese Journal of Psychology, 55(2) 237-253.
15
Crocetti, E., & Shokri, O. (2010). Iranian Validation of the Identity Style Inventory, International Journal of Testing, 10: 185–199
16
Curran, M., & Bosch, L. A. (2014). Identity Style and Marriage for Pregnant Cohabitors as They Begin the Transition to Parenthood, Identity: An International Journal of Theory and Research, 14, 43-59.
17
Daneshvarpour, Z., Ghanaei, Z., Shokri, O., & Zinabadi, HR. (2007). Predicting social intimacy based on the styles of identity, identity commitment and gender, Journal Of Psychology (Tabriz University), 2(7) 55-85. (In persion)
18
Dunham SM (2008). Emotional skillfulness in African American marriage: intimate safety as a mediator of the relationship between emotional skillfulness and marital satisfaction. Dissertation of Doctor of Philosophy, University of Akron.
19
English, T., John, O. P., & Gross, J. J. (2013). Emotion regulation in relationships. In J. A. Simpson & L. Campbell (Eds.), Handbook of close relationships (pp. 500–513). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
20
Erikson, E. H. (1963). Childhood and society (2nd Ed.). New York: Norton.
21
Farahbakhsh, K., Shafi abadi, A., Ahmadi, A., & Delavar, A. (2004). Comparison of effectiveness of Ellis’s marital cognitive counseling, Glasser’s Reality Therapy and mixing of both in the decline marital conflicts, Counseling Research And Development, 5(18) 33-57. (In persion)
22
Fitness, J. (2000). Emotional intelligence in personal relationships: Cognitive, emotional, and behavioral aspects. Paper presented at the 2nd Joint Conference of ISSPR and INPR, Brisbane, Australia.
23
Frank, N. M., & Kim, H. (1998). Teamwork and Trait Extremes Based on the Big Five Model of Personality, Eastern Academy of Management Conference, Springfield, MA, 14(3) 23-48.
24
Ghazanfari, A. (2004). Validation and standardization of identity style questionnaire, Studies in Education & Psychology of Ferdowsi University. 17, 81-96. (In persion)
25
Goldman, R. N., & Greenberg, L. (2013). Working with Identity and Self-soothing in Emotion-Focused Therapy for Couples, Journal of Family Process, 52, 62-82.
26
Hahlweg. K., & Richter. D. (2010). Prevention of marital instability and distress. Result of an 11- year longitudinal follow-up study, Journal of Behavior Research Therapy, 48, 377-383.
27
Helbig‐Lang, S., Rusch, S., & Lincoln, T. M.)2015(. “Emotion Regulation Difficulties in Social Anxiety Disorder and Their Specific Contributions to Anxious Responding.” Journal of Clinical Psychology ,71(3) 241-249.
28
Jackson, A. N. (2014). Associations among Marital Satisfaction, Sexual Satisfaction, Conflict Frequency, and Divorce Risk from 1980 to 2000. A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Auburn University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Auburn University.
29
Karami, Z., Raoufi, M., Asadihaghighat, M., Mahmodian, H., & Khaledian, M. (2014). A comparison of aggression and irrational beliefs of the students on the basis of their using of computer games, International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, 31, 1-8.
30
Khodapanahi, MK. (2014). Motivation and Emotion (15 Ed). Tehran: SAMT. (In persion)
31
Kiani, B., Hojatkhah, S M., & Torabi-Nami, M. (2016). Family Functioning, Identity Formation, and the Ability of Conflict Resolution among Adolescents, Contemporary School Psychology, 20 (4) 392–401.
32
Kor, A. N., Pordelan, N., Heydari, H., & Ghasemi, H. (2013). Relationship between spiritual health and social skills with adolescents Identity Styles, Technical Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 3(15) 1635-1639.
33
Leahy, R. L. (2012). Introduction: Emotional Schemas, Emotion Regulation, and Psychopathology, International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 74(6) 359-371.
34
Lopes, P. N., Nezlek, J. B., Extremera, N., Hertel, J., Ferna ndez-Berrocal, P., Schutz, A., & Salovey, P. (2011). Emotion Regulation and the Quality of Social Interaction: Does the Ability to Evaluate Emotional Situations and Identify Effective Responses Matter?, Journal of Personality, 79(2) 429-467.
35
Maciver, J. E., & Dimkpa, D. I. (2012). Factors Influencing Marital Stability, Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 3, 437-442.
36
Matsumoto, D., Yoo, S. H., & Nakagawa, S. (2008). Culture, emotion regulation, and adjustment, J Pers Soc Psychol, 94(6) 925-937.
37
Mohammadi, S., Babapour, T., & Alipour, F. (2014). The role of identity styles and personality factors in predicting marital conflicts in couples, Counseling Research & Developments, 13(49), 127-145.
38
Mohammadi, R., Bahari, Z., Robat Meeli, S., Seyed Ahmadian, S M., & Karimi, R. (2015). Reliability, Validity, and Normalization of Berking's Emotion- Regulation Skills Questionnaire in the Students of Police University, Journal of Police Medicine, 4(2) 105-112.
39
Mohammadi, M., Farnam, R., & Mahbobi, P. (2011). Relationship between attachment styles and emotional regulation difficulties and marital satisfaction among female teachers Kish Island, Journal of Women and Culture, 2(7) 9-20. (In persion)
40
Ogechi, E. M., Jamila, Y.,& Adebisi, O. J. ( 2011). Influence of spousal communication on Marital Stability: Implication for conducive home environment, Edo Journal of Counselling, 4(1& 2) 50-61.
41
Omoniyi-Oyafunke, C., Falola, H. O., & Salau, O. P. (2014). Effect of marital instability on children in Abeokuta Metropolis, European Journal of Business and Innovation Research, 2(3) 68-77.
42
Ozcan, B., & Breen, R. (2012). Marital Instability and Female Labor Supply. Annu. Rev. Sociol, 22(2), 463-481.
43
Papalia, D. E., Olds, S. V., & Feldman, R. D. (2012). Developmental psychology and human development. (D. Arab ghahestani et al, Trans.), Tehran: Roshd. (In persion)
44
Quoidbach, J., Mikolajczak, M., & Gross, J. J. (2015). Positive interventions: An emotion regulation perspective, Psychological Bulletin, 141(3) 655-693.
45
Rajabi, S., Mujembari, A K., & Jomehri, F.(2016). Comparing the Relationship between Emotion Regulation Strategies and Mindfulness with Resiliency in divorcing and non-divorcing people, Journal of Current Research in Science, suppl. Supplement, 2, 352-360.
46
Refahi, Zh., Bahmani, B., Nayeri, A., & Nayeri, R. (2015). The relationship between attachment to God and identity styles with Psychological well-being in married teachers, Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 174, 1922-1927.
47
Roberton, T., Daffern, M., & Bucks, R. S. (2012). Emotion regulation and aggression, aggressiom and violent behavior, 17(1) 72-82.
48
Schultz, D., & Schultz, S. (2013). Personality theories. (Y. Seyed mohammadi, Trans.), Tehran: Virayesh. (In persion)
49
Schwartz, S. J., Klimstra, T. A., Luyckx, K., Hale, W. W., III, Frijns, T., . . ., & Meeus, W. H. J. (2011). Daily dynamics of personal identity and self-concept clarity, European Journal of Personality, 25, 373-385.
50
Seabi, J. (2009). Relating Identity Processing Styles to Commitment and Self-esteem among College Students, Journal of Psychology in Africa, 19(3) 309-314.
51
Shariati, S., Karaji, M., & Fakuri, N. (2014). The relationship between Identity Styles and Mental Health of Male Students in Kermanshah, Reef Resources Assessment and Management Technical Paper, 40(1) 298-304.
52
Uddin, M. S. G., & Hosain, M. M. (2013). Factors Affecting Marital Instability and Its Impact on Fertility in Bangladesh, ASA University Review, 7(2) 35-41.
53
Waite. L. J., Luo. Y., & Lewin. A. C. (2009). Marital happiness and marital instability: consequences for psychology well-being, Journal of social science research, 38, 201-212.
54
Weinberger, M. I., Hofstein, Y., & Whit bourne, S. (2008). Intimacy in young Adulthood as a Predictor of Divorce in Midlife, Press Relatsh, 15(4) 551-557.
55
White, J. M., Wampler, R. S., & Winn, K. I. (1998). The Identity Style Inventory A Revision with a Sixth-Grade Reading Level (ISI-6G), Journal of Adolescent Research, 13(2) 223-245.
56
Zarei Nezhad, E. (2011). Comparison of Identity Status and Life Style in Criminal and Normal Girls 16 to 24 Years Old in Isfahan. Master's thesis, Education College, Khorasghan (Isfahan) Branch. (In persion)
57
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of the psychometric properties scale of Dark Triad of personality
Purpose: The aim of present study was to examining the psychometric properties of the Iranian version of Short Dark Triad (SD3) in students.
Methodology: The study sample consisted of Bu-Ali Sina University students in 2015-2016. 376 students were selected based on multi-stage cluster sampling. To study psychometric characteristics of the scale, Dark Triad scale was translated with double-translation technique and finally, to evaluate the psychometric properties of the scale, it was administered along with Millon clinical Multiaxial inventory (MCMI), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) and Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI-16). Collected data was analyzed and reliability, validity indicators and confirmatory factor analysis were calculated.
Findings: Analysis of the collected data showed that the scale has the reliability of 0.65 to 0.82 alpha coefficients in three subscales, In addition, the concurrent validity of the scale with subscales of psychopathy, narcissism Machiavellianism Millon clinical Multiaxial inventory (MCMI), Attentional impulsiveness, Motor impulsiveness and Non-planning of Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) and Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI-16) was equal to 0.21, 0.31, 0.52, 0.33, 0.18 and 0.37 respectively. Moreover, the results of confirmatory factor analysis supported the factor structure of the questionnaire. Short Dark Triad (SD3) has favored psychometric properties in Iranian students.
https://tpccp.um.ac.ir/article_32265_067bb9a65e403e1b7c08dedfa173e185.pdf
2016-05-21
77
97
10.22067/ijap.v6i1.49000
Dark Triad
Impulsiveness
Millon Clinical Multiaxial
Sohrab
Amiri
amirysohrab@yahoo.com
1
Urmia university
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abolghasem
yaghoobi
yaghobi41@yahoo.com
2
University of Bu Ali Sina
AUTHOR
Ali, F., Amorim, I. S., & Chamorro-Premuzic, T. (2009). Empathy deficits and trait emotional intelligence in psychopathy and Machiavellianism. Personality and Individual Differences, 47, 758-762.
1
Ames, D. R., Rose, P., & Anderson, C. P. (2006). The NPI-16 as a short measure of narcissism. Journal of Research in Personality, 40, 440-450.
2
Back, M. D., Kufner, A. C. P., Dufner, M., Gerlach, T. M., Rauthmann, J. F., & Denissen, J. J. A. (2013). Narcissistic admiration and rivalry: Disentangling the bright and dark sides of narcissism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 105, 10131037.
3
Barratt, E; Stanford, M. S., Kent, T.A; & Felthous, A. (1997). Neuropsychological and cognitive psychophysiological substrates of impulsive aggreression. Biological psychiatry, 41, 1045-1061.
4
Baughman, H. M., Dearing, S., Giammarco, E., & Vernon, P. A. (2012). Relationships between bullying behaviours and the Dark Triad: A study with adults. Personality and Individual Differences, 52, 571–575.
5
Block, J. (2010). The five-factor framing of personality and beyond: Some ruminations. Psychological Inquiry, 21, 2–25.
6
Board, B. J., & Fritzon, K. (2005). Disordered personalities at work. Psychology, Crime and Law, 11, 17-32.
7
Brown, T. A. (2006). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. New York: Guilford Press.
8
Christie, R., & Geis, F. L. (1970). Studies in Machiavellianism. New York, NY: Academic Press.
9
Crede, M., Harms, P. D., Niehorster, S., & Gaye-Valentine, A. (2012). An evaluation of the consequences of using short measures of the Big Five personality traits. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 102, 874-888.
10
Dahling, J. J., Whitaker, B. G., & Levy, P. E. (2009). The development and validation of a new Machiavellianism scale. Journal of Management, 35, 219-257.
11
DeYoung, C. G., Peterson, J. B., & Higgins, D. M. (2002). Higher-order factors of the Big Five predict conformity: Are there neuroses of health? Personality and Individual Differences, 33, 533-552.
12
Furnham, A., Richards, S., & Paulhus, D. (2013). The Dark Triad: A 10 year review. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 7, 199–215.
13
Gebauer, J. E., Sedikides, C., Verplanken, B., & Maio, G. R. (2012). Communal narcissism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 103, 854-878.
14
Gentile, V., Miller, J. D., Hoffman, B. J., Reidy, D. E., Zeichner, A., & Campbell, W. K. (2013). A test of two brief measures of grandiose narcissism: The Narcissistic Personality Inventory-13 and the Narcissistic Personality Inventory-16. Psychological Assessment, 25, 1120-1136.
15
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2009). Multivariate data analysis. Prentice Hall.
16
Harms, P.D., Roberts, B. W., & Kuncel, N. (2004).The mini-markers of evil: Using adjectives to measure the Dark Triad of personality. Presented at the meeting of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Austin, TX.
17
Hodson, G., Hogg, S. M., & MacInnis, C. C. (2009). The role of ‘‘dark personalities’’ (narcissism, Machiavellianism, psychopathy), Big Five personality factors, and ideology in explaining prejudice. Journal of Research in Personality, 43, 686–690.
18
Hu, L.-T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling A: Multidisciplinary Journal, 6, 1-55.
19
Hubley, A. M., & Zumbo, B. D. (1996). A dialectic on validity: Where we have been and where we are going. Journal of General Psychology, 123, 207-215.
20
Hunter, J. E., Gerbing, D. W., & Boster, F. J. (1982). Machiavellianism beliefs and personality: Construct invalidity of the Machiavellianism dimensions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43, 1293–1305.
21
Jakobwitz, S., & Egan, V. (2006). The dark triad and normal personality traits. Personality and Individual Differences, 40, 331-339.
22
Jonason, P. K., & Kavanagh, P. (2010). The dark side of love: The Dark Triad and love styles. Personality and Individual Differences, 49, 606-610.
23
Jonason, P. K., & Luevano, V. (2013). Walking the thin line between efficiency and accuracy: Validity and structure of the Dirty Dozen. Personality and Individual Differences, 55, 76–81.
24
Jonason, P. K., & Tost, J. (2010). I just cannot control myself: The Dark Triad and self-control. Personality and Individual Differences, 49, 611-615.
25
Jonason, P. K., & Webster, G. D. (2010). The Dirty Dozen: A concise measure of the Dark Triad. Psychological Assessment, 22, 420-432.
26
Jonason, P. K., Koenig, B., & Tost, J. (2010a). Living a fast life: The Dark Triad and Life History Theory. Human Nature, 21, 428-442.
27
Jonason, P. K., Li, N. P., & Teicher, E. A. (2010). Who is James Bond? The Dark Triad as an agentic social style. Individual Differences Research, 8, 111-120.
28
Jonason, P. K., Li, N. P., Webster, G. W., Schmitt, D. P. (2009). The Dark Triad: Facilitating short-term mating in men. European Journal of Personality, 23, 5-18.
29
Jonason, P. K., Webster, G. D., Schmitt, D. P., Li, N. P., & Crysel, L. (2012). The antihero in popular culture: Life history theory and the dark triad personality traits. Review of General Psychology, 16, 192–199.
30
Jones, D. N., & Paulhus, D. L. (2008). Machiavellianism: A new measurement approach. Presented at the meeting of the Association for Research in Personality, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
31
Jones, D. N., & Paulhus, D. L. (2009). Machiavellianism. In M. R. Leary, & R. H. Hoyle (Eds.), Handbook of individual differences in social behavior (pp. 93108). New York: Guilford Press.
32
Jones, D. N., & Paulhus, D. L. (2010). Different provocations trigger aggression in narcissists and psychopaths. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 1, 12-18.
33
Jones, D. N., & Paulhus, D. L. (2011a). Differentiating the Dark Triad within the interpersonal circumplex. In L. M. Horowitz, & S. Strack (Eds.), Handbook of interpersonal psychology: Theory, research, assessment, and therapeutic interventions (pp. 249267). New York: Wiley.
34
Jones, D. N., & Paulhus, D. L. (2011b). The role of impulsivity in the Dark Triad of personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 51, 679682.
35
Jones, D. N., & Paulhus, D. L. (2014). Introducing the Short Dark Triad (SD3): A brief measure of dark personality trait. Assessment, 21(1):28-41.
36
Jöreskog KG, Sörbom D. (2006). LISREL 8.80 for Windows [Computer Software]. Lincolnwood, IL: Scientific Software International, Inc.
37
Kerig, P. K., & Stellwagen, K. K. (2010). Roles of callous–unemotional traits, narcissism, and Machiavellianism in childhood aggression. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 32, 343-352.
38
Kessler, S., Bandelli, A., Spector, P., Borman, W., Nelson, C., & Penny, L. (2010). Re-examining Machiavellianism. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 40, 18681896.
39
Khwaja-Mvghy, N. (1993). Preparation of preliminary Persian form of Millon clinical Multiaxial inventory 2 In Tehran, MA thesis, (unpublished), Tehran Psychiatric Institute. (In Persian).
40
Kowalski, R. M. .(2001). Behaving badly: Aversive behaviors in interpersonal relationships. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
41
Lee, K., & Ashton, M. C. (2004). Psychometric properties of the HEXACO Personality Inventory. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 39, 329-358.
42
Lee, K., & Ashton, M. C., (2005). Psychopathy, Machiavellianism, and Narcissism in the Five-Factor Model and the HEXACO model of personality structure. Personality and Individual Differences, 38, 1571-1582.
43
Lee, K., Ashton, M. C., Wiltshire, J., Bourdage, J. S., Visser, B. A., & Gallucci, A. (2013). Sex, power, and money: Prediction from the Dark Triad and Honesty-Humility. European Journal of Personality, 27, 169-184.
44
Lilienfeld, S. O., & Andrews, B. P. (1996). Development and preliminary validation of a self-report measure of psychopathic personality traits in non-criminal populations. Journal of Personality Assessment, 66, 488-524.
45
Lynam, D. R., & Widiger, T. A. (2001). Using the five-factor model to represent the DSM–IV personality disorders: An expert consensus approach. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 110, 401-412.
46
Lynam, D. R., & Widiger, T. A. (2007). Using a general model of personality to identify the basic elements of psychopathy. Journal of Personality Disorders, 21, 160-178.
47
MacNeil, B. M., Whaley, I., & Holden, R. R. (2007). A confirmatory factor analysis of the Dark Triad Screening measure. Presented at the meeting of the Canadian Psychological Association, Ottawa, Canada.
48
Mahmut, M. K., Menictas, C., Stevenson, R. J., & Homewood, J. (2011). Validating the factor structure of the Self-Report Psychopathy Scale in a community sample. Psychological Assessment, 23, 670-678.
49
Maples, J. L., Lamkin, J., & Miller, J. D. (2014). A Test of Two Brief Measures of the Dark Triad: The Dirty Dozen and Short Dark Triad. Psychological Assessment, 26, 326 –331.
50
Marnat, G. G. (2003). Handbook of Psychological Assessment. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey.
51
McHoskey, J. (1995). Narcissism and Machiavellianism. Psychological Reports, 77, 755–759.
52
McHoskey, J. W., Worzel, W., & Syzarto, C. (1998). Machiavellianism and psychopathy. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 192-210.
53
McHoskey, J., Worzel, W., & Syzarto, C. (1995). Machiavellianism and psychopathy. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 192-210.
54
Miller, J. D., Dir, A., Gentile, B., Wilson, L., Pryor, L. R., & Campbell, W. K. (2010). Searching for a vulnerable Dark Triad: Comparing factor 2 psychopathy, vulnerable narcissism, and borderline personality disorder. Journal of Personality, 78, 15291564.
55
Miller, J. D., Few, L. R., Seibert, L. A., Watts, A., Zeichner, A., & Lynam, D. R. (2012). An examination of the Dirty Dozen measure: A cautionary tale about the costs of brief measures. Psychological Assessment, 24, 1048-1053.
56
Miller, J. D., Hoffman, B. J., Gaughan, E. T., Gentile, B., Maples, J., & Campbell, W. K. (2011). Grandiose and vulnerable narcissism: A nomological network analysis. Journal of Personality, 79, 1013–1042.
57
Mohammadzadeh. A. (2010). Iranian validation of the narcissistic personality inventory-16. Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health, 11(4): 274-81. (In Persian).
58
Musek, J. (2007). A general factor of personality: Evidence for the Big One in the five-factor model. Journal of Research in Personality, 41, 1213–1233.
59
Naderi, F., & Haghshenas, F. (2009). Validation of Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) and the relationship between impulsivity and loneliness, with the use of mobile phones on male and female students in Ahvaz University. Master's thesis in General Psychology, Islamic Azad University of Ahvaz. (In Persian).
60
O’Boyle, E. H., Forsyth, D. R., Banks, G. C., & McDaniel, M. A. (2012). A meta-analysis of the Dark Triad and work behaviour: A social exchange perspective. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97, 557–579.
61
Patton, J. H; Stanford, M. S; & Barratt, E. S. (1995). Factor structure of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 51, 768-774.
62
Paulhus, D. L., & Jones, D. N. (2011). A short measure of the Dark Triad. Presented at meeting of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, San Antonio, Texas.
63
Paulhus, D. L., & Williams, K. M. (2002). The Dark Triad of personality: narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy. Journal of Research in Personality, 36, 556-563.
64
Paulhus, D. L., Neumann, C. S., & Hare, R. D. (2014).Manual for the Self-Report Psychopathy (SRP) scale. Toronto: Multi-Health Systems.
65
Pincus, A. L., Ansell, E. B., Pimentel, C. A., Cain, N. M., Wright, A. G. C., & Levy, K. N. (2009). Initial construction and validation of the Pathological Narcissism Inventory. Psychological Assessment, 21, 365-379.
66
Raskin, R. N., & Hall, C. S. (1979). A Narcissistic Personality Inventory. Psychological Reports, 45, 590.
67
Rauthmann, J. F. (2013). Investigating the MACH IV with Item Response Theory and proposing the trimmed MACH. Journal of Personality Assessment, 95, 388-397.
68
Ross, S. R., Lutz, C. J., & Bailley, S. E. (2004). Psychopathy and the five factor model in a noninstitutionalized sample: a domain and facet level analysis. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 26, 213–223.
69
Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H., & Müller, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Tests of significance and descriptive goodness of fit measures. Psychological Research, 8, 23-74.
70
Sharifi, A. A. (2002)."Standardization of Millon clinical Multiaxial inventory 3 in Isfahan, MA thesis, (unpublished), University of Esfahan. (In Persian).
71
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics. Allyn and Bacon.
72
Twenge, J. M., & Campbell, K. W. (2003). ‘‘Isn’t it fun to get the respect that we’re going to deserve?’’ Narcissism, social rejection, and aggression. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29, 261–272.
73
Vernon, P. A., Villani, V. C., Vickers, L. C., & Harris, J. A. (2008). A behavioural genetic investigation of humour styles and their correlations with the Big-5 personality dimensions. Personality and Individual Differences, 44, 1116–1125.
74
Veselka, L., Schermer, J. A., & Vernon, P. A. (2012). The Dark Triad and an expanded framework of personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 53, 417-425.
75
Williams, K. M., Nathanson, C., & Paulhus, D. L. (2010). Identifying and profiling scholastic cheaters: Their personality, cognitive ability, and motivation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 16, 293-307.
76
Williams, K. M., Paulhus, D. L., & Hare, R. D. (2007). Capturing the four-factor structure of psychopathy in college students via self-report. Journal of Personality Assessment, 88, 205-219.
77
Wilson, D. S., Near, D., & Miller, R. R. (1996). Machiavellianism: A synthesis of the evolutionary and psychological literatures. Psychological Bulletin, 119, 285-289.
78
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The relationship between personality characteristics and attachment styles and emotional breakdown
Abstract
The present research aims to study the relationship between personality characteristics and attachment styles with students’ love trauma. A descriptive survey method of correlation type was used in this research. The population included 4899 students of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad living on campus where 350 questionnaires were gathered and analyzed in a simple random way. The tools used in this study were: Five-factor model of personality, adults’ attachment styles, and Rosse Love Trauma Inventory. The results indicated a positive significant relationship between the scores of neuroticism and love trauma (p = 0.00), however, a negative significant relationship was seen between extroversion/introversion (p < 0.05), agreeableness (p
https://tpccp.um.ac.ir/article_32287_9539bec74aeab0b38b85c70cd9b1c542.pdf
2016-05-21
98
112
10.22067/ijap.v6i1.55922
Keywords: personality characteristics
attachment style
love trauma
narges
lotfi
narges_l313@yahoo.com
1
Azad University Bojnoord
LEAD_AUTHOR
Aboutaleb
saadati shamir
seadatee@yahoo.com
2
Tehran branch Islamic Azad University
AUTHOR
منابع
1
احمدیان، حمزه؛ جمهری، فرهاد، احدی، حسن و فرخی، نورعلی (1390) تدوین و آزمون مدل ارتباط بین شخصیت، نیازهای روانی و بهزیستی روان شناختی. مجله دست آوردهای روانشناختی، دوره 4، شماره 1.
2
اکبری، ابراهیم؛ خانجانی، زینب؛ پورشریفی، حمید؛ محمودعلیلو، مجید و عظیمی، زینب (1391). مقایسه اثر بخشی درمان تحلیل رفتار متقابل با درمانشناختی-رفتاری در بهبودعلائم مرضی شکست عاطفی دانشجویان. مجله روانشناسی بالینی، سال چهارم، شماره 3.
3
امان الهی، عباس و تردست، کوثر (1394) پیش بینی سلامت عمومی براساس سبک های دلبستگی و تمایزیافتگی در دانشجویان دختر دارای تجربه شکست عاطفی دانشگاه های اهواز. فصلنامه خانواده پژوهی، دوره 11، شماره 43.
4
بهرامی احسان، هادی؛ منطقی، مرتضی و کارخانه، سجاد (1394) بررسی ارتباط سبک های دلبستگی و ویژگی های شخصیتی با پیامدهای سه گانه شکست عشقی. دومین کنفرانس ملی و اولین کنفرانس بین المللی پژوهشهای نوین در علوم انسانی.
5
جامعی نژاد، ف. (1388). رابطه بین عشق و عاطفه مثبت عاطفه منفی و سبکهای دلبستگی با رضایت زناشویی در کارکنان شرکت ملی حفاری خوزستان. پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی اهواز.
6
حافظی، فریبا و جامعینژاد، فرحناز (1388). رابطه بین عشق، عاطفه مثبت، عاطفه منفی وسبکهای دلبستگی با رضایت زناشویی درکارکنان شرکت ملی حفاری خوزستان، یافتههای نو در روانشناسی، دوره 4، شماره 10.
7
دهقانی، محمود (1390). اثربخشی رواندرمانی کوتاهمدت تعدیلکنندهی اضطراب بر نشانگان ضربهی عشق. پایاننامه دکتری، دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی تهران.
8
زارعی، اقبال؛ کرمی بلداجی، روح الله؛ حیدری، حسین؛ حسین خانزداده، عباسعلی و بهارلو، غفار (1393) پیشبینی صفات پنج عاملی شخصیت دانشجویان براساس سبکهای دلبستگی بزرگسالان. مجله پژوهش های علوم شناختی و رفتاری، سال چهارم، شماره اول.
9
سروقد، سیروس؛ رضایی، آذرمیدخت و فدایی دولت، ایوب (1389). رابطه ویژگیهای شخصیتی باراهبردهای مقابلهای و بهزیستی ذهنی معلمان. یافته های نو در روانشناسی، دوره 5، شماره 16.
10
ضرابی، آذر (1384). از ارتباط ناسالم تا ارتباط سالم. تهران: انتشارات نقش مانا.84-23.
11
فهیمی، صمد؛ عظیمی، زینب؛ اکبری، ابراهیم؛ امیری پیچاکلایی، احمد و پورشریفی، حمید (1393) پیش بینی نشانگان بالینی در دانشجویان دارای تجربه شکست عاطفی بر اساس ساختارهای شخصیتی: نقش تعدیل کنندهی حمایت اجتماعی ادراک شده، مجله دانش و تندرستی، دوره 9، شماره 4.
12
گروسی فرشی، مرتقی (1377). هنجاریابی آزمون جدید شخصیتی نئو و بررسی تحلیل ویژگیها و ساختار عاملی آن در بین دانشجویان دانشگاههای ایران. پایاننامه دکتری. دانشگاه تربیت مدرس.
13
مظفری،محمد؛قنبری هاشمآبادی،بهرام علی وحسنآبادی،حسین. (1392). اثربخشی گروهدرمانی وجودی بربهبود نشانگان ضربهی عشق دردانشجویان.پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد. دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد.
14
ملازاده، جواد (1381). رابطه سازگاری زناشویی با عوامل شخصیت و سبکهای مقابلهای در فرزندان شاهد، پایاننامه دکتری، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس.
15
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Relationship between Family-Work Conflict with Mental Health and Marital Conflicts of Working Women in Tehran
Purpose: The aim of this research was to investigate the relationship between family–work conflict with mental health and marital conflicts of working women in Tehran.
Methodology: For this purpose a descriptive research methods of correlation type was selected. 135 married women working in the telecommunications staff in Tehran were selected by random cluster sampling method Meier Work-Family Conflict and Health Questionnaire, GHQ-28 scores and MCQ Sanaei marital conflict and draft questionnaire completed.
Findings: Results showed that relationship and difference between family- work conflicts with mental health is negative and significant (p0/05). In order to increase of staff`s mental health and decrease of marital conflicts, organizations should decrease conflicts between work and life environment of staff and must decrease stressors of work environment.
https://tpccp.um.ac.ir/article_32306_5cf9ad8f5be2bef0deba1bc51bf6ccc0.pdf
2016-05-21
113
127
10.22067/ijap.v6i1.13756
family- Work conflict
Marital conflict
mental health
Amene
haji karam
rahele_hajikaram@yahoo.com
1
Islamic Azad University of Abhar
LEAD_AUTHOR
Aycan, Z., Skin, M. (2005). Relative contribution of childcare, spousal and organizational support in reducing work-family conflict for men & women: The case of Turkey sterols. Journal of Sex Role, 53(7-8), 453-472.
1
Barati, T; Sanai B (1996). Inventory marital conflict. Measures of family structure and marriage. Tehran: The Institute's Bethat Publications, pp: 53-48. (In Persian)
2
Barnet, R. C.h., & Hyde, J. S.h. (2001). Women, Men, Work, and Family: An Expansionist Theory. American Psycholocist, 56(10), 781-796.
3
Benereshtain, L. (1995). Relationships of job and family involvement family social support and work family conflict with job and life satisfaction. Journal of Applied Psychology, 4,401-413.
4
Bourg, M.R., Gerin gelass, M.L. (1999). Relation of work – family conflict health outcomes a four – years longituditional study of employed parents. Journal of occupational and organizational psychology. 70(3), 2, 325-335.
5
Carlson, D., Ferguson, M., Hunter, E., Whitten, D. (2012). Abusive supervision and work–family conflict: The path through emotional labor and burnout. The Leadership Quarterly, 23, 5, 849-859
6
Chin, W., Guo, Y.L., hung, Y.J., Yang, C.Y., Schiao, j.s.. (2015). Short sleep duration is dose-dependency related to job strain and burnout in nurses: A cross sectiona; survey. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 52, 1, 297-306.
7
Cohen, G., & Brower, Q. (2006). Work-family conflict management. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 398-407.
8
Conolly, S. (2000). The work-family role system. Journal of Social Problems, Marriage and Family, 82, 41-52.
9
Frone, M.R. (2000). Relationship of work and family stressors to psychological distress: The independent moderating influence of social Support, mastery, active coping and self-focused attention. Journal of Social Behavior and personality, 6, 227–250.
10
Ganji, H (2011). Mental health. Tehran: Arasbaran. (In Persian)
11
Gamor, E., Amissah, E.F., Adutwum, K., Boakye, A. (2014).
12
Work–family conflict among hotel employees in Sekondi-Takoradi Metropolis, Ghana. Tourism Management Perspectives, 12, 1-8.
13
Grandey, A.A., & Cropanzano, R. (1999). The Conservation of Resources Model Applied to Work–Family Conflict and Strain. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 54, 350–370.
14
Greenhaus, J.H., & Beutell, N. J. (1995). Sources of conflict between work and Work- Family Balancing Act. Journal of Marriage and Family, 61(2), 476–490.
15
Hammer, L., & Thompson, C. (2003). Work-family role conflict. A Sloan Work and Family Encyclopedia Entry. Chestnut Hill, MA: Boston College.
16
Hennessy, E. (1994). Pattern of commitment to work and oarrenting, implications for role strain. Journal of marriage and family, 19(3), 56, 3.
17
Hill, A. (2005). Work – family conflict among marrid professional women in Malaysia. The journal of social psychology, 136(5), 663- 665.
18
Human, A (1998). Assess the reliability and validity of the General Health Questionnaire Goldberg. Teacher Training University, Tehran. (In Persian)
19
Javaheri, F; Serajzadeh, H; Rahmani, R (2010). Analysis of the effects of women’s employment on their life quality Case study: Iranian Female Employees in the Ministry of Agriculture. Women in development & politics journal. 8(2); pp: 143-162. (in persian)
20
Leaptrott, J., McDonald, J.M. (2009). The conflicts between work and family roles. Journal of Behavioral Studies in Bussiness, 119 (2), 1-12.
21
Malekiha, M & Fatehizadeh, M (2010). Work-Family Conflict management training: an experimental study in female employees. Journal of developmental of psychology Iranian psychologists. 6(24), pp: 351-345. (In Persian)
22
Maghsoudi S & Bostan Z (2004). Examines the problems of the simultaneity of domestic and social roles of women working in Kerman. Journal of Women's Studies. 2(5), pp: 129-150. (In Persian)
23
Meyer, R.M.L., Li, A., Klaristenfeld, J., Gold, J.I. (2015).
24
Pediatric Novice Nurses: Examining Compassion Fatigue as a Mediator between Stress Exposure and Compassion Satisfaction, Burnout, and Job Satisfaction. Journal of Pediatric Nursing,30, 1, 174-183.
25
Netmeyer, R.G. Boles, J.S., & Mc Murrian, R. (1996). Development and validitation of work-family conflict scale. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81(4), 400-410.
26
Orezi samani, H & Zakerfard M (2010). The relationship between work-family conflicts with organizational citizenship behaviors due to the moderating role of procedural justice. Journal of family research. 6(21), pp: 23-41. (in persian)
27
Ozbag, G.K., Ceyhun, G.C. (2014). Does Job Satisfaction Mediate the Relationship between Work-family Conflict and Turnover? A Study of Turkish Marine Pilots. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 140, 22, 643-649.
28
Ogundipe, O.A., Olagunju, A.T., Lasebikan, V.O., Coker, A.O. (2014). Burnout among doctors in residency training in a tertiary hospital. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 10, 27-32.
29
Rastegar, Kh (2004). Correlation Work- family: Gender differences in social support. Women in development & politics journal. 2(2); pp: 135-48. (in persian)
30
Tziner, A., Sharoni, G. (2014). Organizational citizenship behavior, organizational justice, job stress, and workfamily conflict: Examination of their interrelationships with respondents from a non-Western culture. Revista de Psicologia del Trabajo y de las Organizaciones, 30, 1, 35-42.
31
Vakili N (2009). The Role of Job Characteristics, Transformational Leadership and Goal Diffi-culty on Employees, Performance in Ehya Fold Sepahan Company .knowledge and research in applied psychology 3. 2009; 0 (39) :1-13 (in persian)
32
Voydanoff, P. (2004). Multiple role and psychological distress: The intersection of the paid worker, spouse and parent roles with the role of adult child. Journal of Marriage and Family, 82, 41-52.
33