The Effectiveness of Intensive and Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy (ISTDP) on Depression, Health Anxiety and Physical Symptoms in Patients with Improved Coronary Artery

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

• Soheil Jafari ¹
• Kobra Kazemian Moghadam ²
• Fatemeh Ghalavand ³

¹ M.A. Department of Clinical Psychology, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.

² Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Dezful Branch, Islamic Azad University, Dezful, Iran

³ M.A Studentd clinical psychology, Department of Psychology, andimeshk Branch, Islamic Azad University, andimeshk, Iran

10.22067/tpccp.2024.74889.1244

Abstract

Abstract

Purpose: This research tries to study the intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy (ISTDP) on depression, health anxiety, and physical symptoms in patients that recovered from Coronavirus.

Method: The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test post-test design and follow-up with the control group. The statistical population of this study included all people that recovered from Coronavirus with psychological symptoms that visited a psychoneurological specialized clinic at Behbahan in 1400. Between them, 30 persons by sampling method were selected and randomly divided into two groups, 15 as the experimental group and 15 as the control group. The experimental group received intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy for 12 sessions in 90 minutes. While, the control group did not receive any intervention. Both groups were evaluated by using questionnaires of depression by Goldberg, health anxiety ”SHAI”, physical symptoms ”PHQ-15” in the pre-test, post-test, and follow-up. Analysis of variance with repeated measures and mock tests were used to analyze the data.

Finding: The results showed that there was a significant difference between post-test and pre-test scores (p <0.05), and intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy could significantly reduce depressive symptoms, health anxiety, and physical symptoms in patients that recovered from Coronavirus in the experimental group.

Conclusion: According to the obtained results, psychologists and counselors can use intensive and short-term dynamic psychotherapy to reduce and treat symptoms of depression, health anxiety and physical symptoms in patients who have recovered from Corona.

Keywords

• Intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy
• depression
• health anxiety
• physical symptoms

Main Subjects

• Clinical psychology

---

References

Abbass, A., Campbell, S., Magee, K., & Tarzwell, R. (2009). Intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy to reduce rates of emergency department return visits for patients with medically unexplained symptoms: Preliminary evidence from a pre-post intervention study. Cjem, 11(6), 529-534. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1481803500011799

Abbass, A., Lovas, D., & Purdy, A. (2008). Direct diagnosis and management of emotional factors in chronic headache patients. Cephalalgia, 28(12), 1305-1314. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2982.2008.01680.x

Abdolmohammadi, K., Ghadiri Sourman Abadi, F., Sadat Seyed Pourmand, N., & Falsafinejad, M. R. (2018). The validation of somatization inventory in the students of tabriz universities (iran) [Original Article]. Qom University of Medical Sciences Journal, 11(12), 61-67. http://journal.muq.ac.ir/article-1-1237-fa.html

Alipour, A., Ghadami, A., Alipour, Z., & Abdollahzadeh, H. (2020). Preliminary validation of the corona disease anxiety scale (cdas) in the iranian sample. QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY, 8(32), 163-175.

Alizadeh, S., Taklavi, S., Mahmoud Alilou, M., & Feizipour, H. (2021). The effectiveness of existential therapy on death anxiety and meaning of life in recovered patients of covid-19 [Clinical trials]. Studies in Medical Sciences, 32(5), 388-398. http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5557-en.html

Amini H, Sharifi V, Asaadi S.M, Mohammadi M.R, Kaviani H, Semnani Y, Shabani A, Shahrivar Z, Hakim Shooshtari M, Seddigh A, & Jalali-Roodsari M. (2008). Validity of the iranian version of the structured clinical interview fordsm-iv (scid-i) in the diagnosis of psychiatric disorders [Research]. Health Monitor Journal of the Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research, 7(1), 0-0. http://payeshjournal.ir/article-1-675-en.html

Aminpoor, H., Afshinfar, J., Mostafaei, A., & Ostovar, S. (2012). Validation of goldberg's depression scale in academic and non-academic peoples. Annals of Biological Research, 3, 4564-4573.

Asli Azad, M., Khaki, S., & Farhadi, T. (2021). Efficiency of online reality therapy on anxiety and psychological distress in the covid-19 improved. Psychological Achievements, 28(2), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.22055/psy.2021.35651.2620

Asmundson, G. J. G., & Taylor, S. (2020). How health anxiety influences responses to viral outbreaks like covid-19: What all decision-makers, health authorities, and health care professionals need to know. J Anxiety Disord, 71, 102211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102211

Association, A. P. (2013). American psychiatric association. Diagnostic and statistical manuel of mental disorder(dsm) 5th ed. American Psychiatric Association.

Boland, R., Verduin, M. I., & Ruiz, P. (2022). Kaplan & sadock’s synopsis of psychiatry. Wolters kluwer.

Davanloo, H. (1995). Unlocking the unconcious: Selected papers of habib davanloo. Wiley.

Davidian, H. (2007). Diagnosis and treatment of depressionin iranian culture. . Farhangestan Olum Pezeshki.. .

Driessen, E., Cuijpers, P., de Maat, S. C., Abbass, A. A., de Jonghe, F., & Dekker, J. J. (2010). The efficacy of short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy for depression: A meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev, 30(1), 25-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2009.08.010

First, M. B., Williams, J. B., Karg, R. S., & Spitzer, R. L. (2016). Structured clinical interview for dsm-5 disorders: Scid-5-cv clinician version. American Psychiatric Association Publishing Washington, DC.

Fredericksn, J. (2014). Co-creating change: Effective dynamic therapy techniques (E. k. sigarudi, Trans.). Arjmand. (In Persian)

Ghorbani, N. (2016). Intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy: Basics and techniques. Samt.

Goldberg, I. K. (1993). Questions & answers about depression and its treatment: A consultation with a leading psychiatrist. Charles Press Pubs (PA).

Grant, J. E., Steinberg, M. A., Kim, S. W., Rounsaville, B. J., & Potenza, M. N. (2004). Preliminary validity and reliability testing of a structured clinical interview for pathological gambling. Psychiatry Res, 128(1), 79-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2004.05.006

Johansson, R., Town, J. M., & Abbass, A. (2014). Davanloo's intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy in a tertiary psychotherapy service: Overall effectiveness and association between unlocking the unconscious and outcome. PeerJ, 2, e548. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.548

Karimi, J., Homayuni Najafabadi, A., & Homayuni Najafabadi, F. (2015). Evaluation of psychometric properties of the health anxiety inventory [Original]. Hakim Health System Research Journal, 17(4), 297-305. http://hakim.hbi.ir/article-1-1457-fa.html

Kato, K., Sullivan, P. F., & Pedersen, N. L. (2010). Latent class analysis of functional somatic symptoms in a population-based sample of twins. J Psychosom Res, 68(5), 447-453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2010.01.010

Khoryaniyan, M., Heidari nasab, L., Tayebi, Z., & Aghamohammadiyan Shearbaf, H. R. (2012). Effectiveness of intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy in decreasing the symptoms of depression and increasing emotional disclosure in patients suffering from depression. Thoughts and Behavior in Clinical Psychology, 7(26), 37-46. https://jtbcp.riau.ac.ir/article_29_3888be225f48c9d92c739a0bfd5d5e55.pdf

Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., Williams, J. B., Monahan, P. O., & Löwe, B. (2007). Anxiety disorders in primary care: Prevalence, impairment, comorbidity, and detection. Ann Intern Med, 146(5), 317-325. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-146-5-200703060-00004

Lai, J., Ma, S., Wang, Y., Cai, Z., Hu, J., Wei, N., Wu, J., Du, H., Chen, T., Li, R., Tan, H., Kang, L., Yao, L., Huang, M., Wang, H., Wang, G., Liu, Z., & Hu, S. (2020). Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA Netw Open, 3(3), e203976. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976

Liew, H., & Gardner, S. (2015). The interrelationship between smoking and depression in indonesia. Health Policy and Technology, 5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hlpt.2015.10.003

Liu, N., Zhang, F., Wei, C., Jia, Y., Shang, Z., Sun, L., Wu, L., Sun, Z., Zhou, Y., Wang, Y., & Liu, W. (2020). Prevalence and predictors of ptss during covid-19 outbreak in china hardest-hit areas: Gender differences matter. Psychiatry Res, 287, 112921. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112921

Montazeri, A., Mousavi, S. J., Omidvari, S., Tavousi, M., Hashemi, A., & Rostami, T. (2013). Depression in iran: A systematic review of the literature (2000-2010). PAYESH, 12(6), -. https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=333346

Nargesi, F., Izadi, F., Kariminejad, K., & Rezaii Sharif, A. (2017). The investigation of the reliability and validity of persian version of health anxiety questionnaire in students of lorestan university of medical sciences. Quarterly of Educational Measurement, 7(27), 147-160. https://doi.org/10.22054/jem.2017.19621.1495

Ranjbar Sudejani, y., & Sharifi, K. (2017). Effectiveness of intensive short term dynamic psychotherapy (istdp) on social anxiety of children with mental disability and visual perception disorder [Original Article]. Journal of Exceptional Education (J Except Educ), 1(144), 15-22. http://exceptionaleducation.ir/article-1-947-en.html

Rief, W., & Broadbent, E. (2007). Explaining medically unexplained symptoms-models and mechanisms. Clin Psychol Rev, 27(7), 821-841. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2007.07.005

Rief, W., Hessel, A., & Braehler, E. (2001). Somatization symptoms and hypochondriacal features in the general population. Psychosom Med, 63(4), 595-602. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006842-200107000-00012

Rocco, D., Abbas, A., Agrosi, V., Bergomi, F., Maria, B., luce martin, S., Giovanna, P., Rossi, L., Zuccotti, L., & Zanelli, D. (2014). The efficacy of intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy for anxiety disorders when provided by psychologists in training.Ad hoc bulletin of short-term dynamic psychotherapy –practice and theory. ad hoc bulletin of short-term dynamic psychotherapy –practice and theory, 18, 5-15.

Salkovskis, P. M., Rimes, K. A., Warwick, H. M., & Clark, D. M. (2002). The health anxiety inventory: Development and validation of scales for the measurement of health anxiety and hypochondriasis. Psychol Med, 32(5), 843-853. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291702005822

Schat, A. C. H., Kelloway, E. K., & Desmarais, S. (2005). The physical health questionnaire (phq): Construct validation of a self-report scale of somatic symptoms. J Occup Health Psychol, 10(4), 363-381. https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8998.10.4.363

Solem, S., Borgejordet, S., Haseth, S., Hansen, B., Håland, Å., & Bailey, R. (2015). Symptoms of health anxiety in obsessive–compulsive disorder: Relationship with treatment outcome and metacognition. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 5, 76-81. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocrd.2015.03.002

Spence, J. T., Helmreich, R. L., & Pred, R. S. (1987). Impatience versus achievement strivings in the type a pattern: Differential effects on students' health and academic achievement. J Appl Psychol, 72(4), 522-528.

Taghavi, F., Mirzaie, P., Azandariani, M., & Rezaei Shojaei, S. (2019). The effectiveness of short-term dynamic psychotherapy on anxiety, depression and happiness in women with generalized anxiety. medical journal of mashhad university of medical sciences, 62(December), 456-466. https://doi.org/10.22038/mjms.2019.15075

Wright, K. D., Reiser, S. J., & Delparte, C. A. (2017). The relationship between childhood health anxiety, parent health anxiety, and associated constructs. J Health Psychol, 22(5), 617-626. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105315610669

Yao, H., Chen, J. H., & Xu, Y. F. (2020). Patients with mental health disorders in the covid-19 epidemic. Lancet Psychiatry, 7(4), e21. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30090-0

Zhou, X., Snoswell, C. L., Harding, L. E., Bambling, M., Edirippulige, S., Bai, X., & Smith, A. C. (2020). The role of telehealth in reducing the mental health burden from covid-19. Telemed J E Health, 26(4), 377-379. https://doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2020.0068