The Relationship between Spiritual Intelligence, Gratitude, Organizational Commitment and Work Engagement with Organizational Citizenship Behavior

Document Type : پژوهشی

Authors

1 Payame Noor University of Mamasani

2 Payam Noor University of Mamasani

3 shahid Chamran University of Ahwaz

4 Payame Noor University of Mamasan

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of present study was to investigate the relationship between spiritual intelligence, gratitude, organizational commitment and work engagement with organizational citizenship behavior.
Method: The method of current research was descriptive-correlational. The sample included 195 employees of Shahid Chamran University that were selected through simple random sampling. The instruments of research included King's Spiritual Intelligence questionnaire (2008), McCullough, Emmanus, and Tsang's Gratitude questionnaire (2002), Moody, Steyrs, and Porter's Organizational Commitment questionnaire (1979), Scaffly and Becker's Work Engagement questionnaire (2001) and Organ and Konovsky's Organizational Citizenship Behavior questionnaire (1989). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multivariate regression by the stepwise Method.
Findings: Multiple correlation coefficient for Spiritual Intelligence, Appreciation, Work Engagement and Organizational Commitment's linear Combination with Organizational Citizenship Behavior was equal to MR=0. 450 and determination coefficient was equal to RS = 0.203 which were significant at p > 0/001. Moreover, there was a positive and significant relationship between predictor variables and a criterion variable (p

Keywords


Arshadi, N. (2007). Designing and testing a model of the important achievements and the implication of job motivation in the employees of the National Oil Company of Southwestern Regions-Ahvaz. Ph.D. Dissertation. Faculty of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Shahid Chamran University, Iran. (In Persian)
Ashja, A. (2008). The relationship of participation in decision making and trust with organizational citizenship behavior, identity and organizational justice in Mobarakeh Steel Complex in Isfahan.Master thesis. Faculty of Industrial Psychology, Isfahan University, Iran. (In Persian)
Ashrafi, B. (1995). The effective factors affecting organizational threat: Managers and employees of Eastern Alborz Coal Company. Master thesis, Tarbiat Modarres University, Iran. (In Persian)
Bakker, A. B. & Leiter, M. P. (2009). Work engagement: The essential theory and research. New York: Psychology Press.
Bakker, A. & Demerouti, E. (2007). The Job demands-resources model: State of the art. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22(3), 309-328.
Bakker, A. B. & Demerouti, E. (2008). Towards a model of work engagement. Career Development Internatio, 13(3), 209-223.
Beheshti, M., Abu Jafari, M., Faghihi, A. & Arafi, A. (2008). The goals of education from the point of view of Islam. Tehran: Position. (In Persian)
Bozorgzadeh, M. & Vonosee, A. (1998). Job satisfaction and organizational the commitment of managers and instructors of irgc educational centers.
Tehran: Research Department of the Joint Staff Training Department. (In Persian)
Bycio, P., Hackett, R. D., & Allen, J. S. (1995). Further assessments of Bass's (1985) conceptualization of transactional and transformational leadership. Journal of Applied Psychology, 80(4), 468-478.
Carver, L. (2008). Organizational commitment and generational differences in nursing faculty. Ph. D. Dissertation. University of Nevada, Las Vegas.
Chiu, S., & Chen, H. (2005). Relationship between job characteristics and organizational citizenship behavior: The mediational role of job satisfaction. Social Behavior and Personality: An international journal, 33(6), 523-540.
Driscoll, P., Pierce, L. J., Ann, M. & Arie, C. (2006). Group and organizational management. Thousand Oaks, 31(3), 88- 26.
Emmons, R. (2000). Spirituality and intelligence, problem and prospects. The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 10(1), 57-67.
FarahBijjari, A. (2012). Gratitude relationship with personality traits of community-oriented orphans in female and female students. Quarterly of Psychological Studies, 8(3), 107-133. (In Persian)
Fattahi, M. & Azami, A. (2008). Organizational citizenship behavior: Explaining definitions, causes, consequences, and providing an initial model, 1st National Conference on Organization Citizenship Behavioral Management, Faculty of Management, Tehran. (In Persian)
Fattahi, M., Farhangi, A. & Vaseghi, S. (2006). Spirituality in the workplace and its role in improving citizenship behavior of the organization, organizational culture. Management, 13(1), 36-5. (In Persian)
Gardner, H. (1993). Frames of mind: The theory of multiple intelligences. New York: Basic Books.
Garcia-Zamora, J. (2003). Workplace spirituality and organizational performance. Public Administration Review, 63(3), 355-363.
Gautam, T., Dick, R. V., Wagner, U., Upadhyay, N., & Davis, A. J. (2006). Organizational citizenship behavior and organizational commitment in Nepal. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 8(3), 305- 320.
Ghobari Bonab, B., Gholamali Lavasani, M. & Mohammadi, M. R. (2005). Developing the scale of spiritual experiences of students. Journal of Psychology, 9(3), 278-261. (In Persian)
Ghorbani, M., Haghighi, M., Mohammad, I., Tajrishi, A. & Rasta- Moghadam, A. (2012).The relationship between spiritual intelligence and organizational commitment in a government organization. Quarterly Journal of Management and Development Process, 25(3), 67-92. (In Persian)
Grant, A. M., & Berg, J. M. (2010). Prosocial motivation at work: How making a difference makes a difference. Oxford University Press.
Hakanen, J.J., Bakker, A.B., & Demerouti, E. (2005). How dentists cope with their job demands and stay engaged: The moderating role of job resources. European Journal of Oral Sciences, 113(6), 479–487.
King, D, B. (2008). Rethinking clams of spiritual intelligence: A definition, model, and measure. MA Thesis, Trent University, Canada, Ontario.
King, E. B., George, M. & Hebl, M. R. (2005). Linking personality to helping behaviors at work: An interactional perspective. Journal of Personality, 73(3), 586-607.
Koys, D. J. & DeCotiis, T. A. (1991). Inductive measures of psychological climate. Human Relation, 44, 265–285.
Lambert, E. G., Hogan, N. L., & Griffin, M. L. (2007). The impact of distributive and procedural justice on correctional staff job stress, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. Journal of Criminal Justice, 35(6), 644-656.
Markow, K. & Klenke, K. (2005). The effects of personal meaning and calling on organizational commitment: An empirical investigation of spiritual leadership. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 13(1), 8-27.
Mousavi, Sh., Talebzadeh, M. & Shams Morakani, Gh. (2011). The relationship between spiritual intelligence and organizational citizenship behavior in high school teachers in Zanjan, Quarterly of Educational Psychology, 7(23), 94-65. (In Persian)
McCullough, M. E., Emmons, R. A. & Tsang, J. (2002). The grateful disposition: A conceptual and empirical topography. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(1), 112- 127.
McCullough, M. E., Kilpatrick, S. D., Emmons, R. A. & Larson, D. B. (2001). Is gratitude a moral affect? Psychological Bulletin, 127(2), 249-266.
Meyer, J. P. & Allen, N. J. (1991). A three components conceptualization of organizational commitment. Human Resource Management Review, 1(1), 61-88.
Meyer, J. P., Allen, N. J. & Smith, C. A. (1993). Commitment to organization and occupations: External and test of three-component conceptualizations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78(4), 538-551.
Meyer, J. P., Stanley D. J., Herscovitch, L. & Topolnytsky, L. (2002). Affective, continuance, and normative commitment to the organization: A meta-analysis of antecedents, correlates, and consequences. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 61(1), 20-52.
Milliman, J., Czaplewski, A. J. & Ferguson, J. (2003). Workplace spirituality and employee work attitudes: An exploratory empirical assessment. Journal of Change Management, 16(4), 426-447.
Mowday, R. T., Steers R. M. & Porter, L. W. (1979). The measurement of organizational commitment. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 14(2), 224-47.
Najarasl, S. (2002).The relationship between important variables of occupational motivation and organizational behavioral organizational behavior among the employees of Islamic Azad University. Quarterly Journal of New Findings in Psychology, 5(16), 98-85. (In Persian)
Narmeen, M., Danial Aslon, H. &Tasawar, J. (2012). Exploring organizational citizenship behavior and its critical link to employee engagement for effectual human resource management in organizations. Mediterranean Journal of Sciences, 3(1), 2039-2117. (In Persian)
Organ, W. D. (1998). Organizational citizenship behavior: The good soldier syndrome. Lexington: MA Lexington Books.
Organ, W. D. (1996). A restatement of the satisfaction- performance hypothesis. In S. Richard, P. Lyman and B. Gregory. Motivation and leadership at Work (6th Edition). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Organ, D. W. & Konovsky, M. (1989). Cognitive versus affective determinants of organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74(1), 157-164.
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B. & Bommer, W. H. (1996). Transformational leader behaviors and substitutes for leadership as determinants of employee satisfaction, commitment, trust and organizational citizenship behaviors, Jurnal of Management, 22(2), 259-298.
Poursoliman, A. (1999). A review of the viewpoint of the secretaries about the effective communication between male managers of high schools in Tehran. Master Thesis, Tarbiat University of Tehran, Iran. (In Persian)
Poursoltani, H. & Amirjinaghandar, R. (2013). The Relationship between Organizational Commitment and Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Physical Education Teachers of Mashhad, Journal of Sports Management, 5(16), 127-147. (In Persian)
Raghib, M., Sidat, A., Hakiminia, H. & Vahmadi, S. J. (2010). Reconciliation of king's spiritual intelligence scale (sisri-24) on students at Isfahan University. Journal of Psychology Achievements, 4(1), 164-141. (In Persian)
Riketta, M. (2002). Attitudinal organizational Commitment and Job performance: A meta-analysis. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23(3), 257-266.
Schafeli, W. B. & Bakker, A. B. & Salanova, M (2006). The measurement of work engagement with a short questionnaire, A Cross-National Study, Journal of Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66(4), 701-716.
Schafeli, W. B., Martinez, I., Marques-Pinto, A., Salanova, M. & Bakker, A. B. (2002). Burnout and engagement in university students: A cross-national study. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 33(5), 464-481.
Sobhaninejad, M., Yoobbashi, A. R. & Shateri, K. (2010). Organizational citizenship behavior: Theoretical foundations, correlated measuring instruments. Tehran: Estrazan Publication. (In Persian)
Taghipour, A. (2009). Investigating the relation between an organizational culture with job motivation, job excitement, and innovative behavior by mediating psychological empowerment among employees of national Ahvaz Drilling Company. Master Thesis, Faculty of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Shahid Chamran University, Iran. (In Persian)
Wood, A. M., Maltby, J., Gillett, R., Linley, p. A. & Joseph, S. (2008). The role of gratitude in the development of social support, stress, and depression: Two longitudinal. Journal of Research in Personality, 42(4), 854-871.
Zare-Ahmadabadi, H., Mirjalili, M. & Roodushti, M. Sh. (2014). The relationship between spiritual intelligence and organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Ethics in Science and Technology, 3(9), 1-12. (In Persian)
CAPTCHA Image