Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Self-knowledge Education with Sadra's Approach on Increasing Spiritual Intelligence

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Graduate master, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

3 Pofessor, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of self-knowledge education with Sadra's approach on increasing spiritual intelligence.
Method: This research was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest and control group design. The statistical population includes the female students of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. From this population, 40 students were selected using convenience sampling method and were randomly divided into two experimental (n=20) and control (n=20) groups. The experimental group received six sessions of self-knowledge education with the Sadrai approach, and the control group did not receive any intervention. The Sohrabi and Naseri's spiritual intelligence questionnaire was used to collect data at two stages of pre and post test.  The data were analized using ANCOVA and MANCOVA methods by SPSS-19 software.
Findings: The results showed significant difference between the experimental group and control group in the variable of study indicating that self-knowledge education with Sadra's approach led to the promotion of spiritual intelligence of female students of Ferdowsi University. 

Keywords


Abdullahzadeh, H., Baqerpour, M., Buzhmehrani, S., & Lotfi, M. (2009). Spiritual intelligence (concepts, measurement and its applications). Ravansanji.
Amin, H. (1997). The unity of existence in Islamic philosophy and mysticism. besat.
Amram, J. (2007). What is Spiritual Intelligence”, Institute of Transpersonal Psychology. Palo Alto.
Arefishirdaghi, M. (2015). The Role of Reason in Religious Knowledge and Its Limits. Religious Anthroplogy, 11(32), 29–47. http://raj.smc.ac.ir/article_12330.html
Asadi, M., Aghaee, A., & Atashpur, H. (2011). The effect of life skills training on the spiritual intelligence of female high school students. Scientific Research Quarterly of Woman and Culture, 3(9), 21–31. http://jwc.iauahvaz.ac.ir/article_523326.html
AziziAlocheh, M., & Larijani, S. (2009). Self-knowledge from the perspective of Mulla Sadra and Afzaluddin Kashani. Marefatfalsafi, 6(3), 77–117. https://www.sid.ir/fa/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=97484.
Boozhmehrani, S., Abdollahzadeh, H., Lotfipoor, M., & Bagherpour, M. (2010). Spiritual intelligence (concepts, measurement and its applications). Psychometrics.
Daei, A. (2012). Introduction Attention to the development of components of spiritual intelligence in textbooks of religion and high school life. Thesis in M.A Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.
Emmons, R. A. (1999). The psychology of ultimate concern: Motivation and spirituality in personality. The Guilford Press.
Emmons, Robert A. (2003). Is Spirituality an Intelligence? Motivation, Cognition, and the Psychology of Ultimate Concern, 21(1), 3–26. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327582IJPR1001_2
Ghobaribanab, B. (2007). Spiritual Intelligence. A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (Kalam) and Religious Studies, 10(3), 125–147.
Hedayati, M., & Zaribaf, M. (2012). Fostering spiritual intelligence through the “Philosophy for Children” program. Institute of Humanities and Cultural Studies, 3(1), 135–166. https://www.sid.ir/fa/Journal/ViewPaper.aspx?ID=184000
Hodhodi, B., Abdolahi, B., Arasteh, H., & Zinabadi, H. (2021). Islamic theory of spiritual intelligence: Designing a model of spiritual intelligence with an Islamic approach as the spiritual capital of managers. Islamic Mysticism (Religions and Mysticism), 69(18), 35–69.
HosseinJari, M., & Zakeri, H. R. (2010). The effect of studying university majors religious and art sciences on spiritual inteligence: a trial for validation and measuring reliability of spiritual inteligence scale, Quarterly of Educational Measurement, 1 (1), 1-21.
Khodayarifard, M. (2015). Codification of theoretical foundations and design of scale and spiritual intelligence. University of Tehran.
King, D. (2008). Rethinking claims of Spiritual intelligence: A definition, model & measure. Trent university.
Nasel, D. D. (2004). Spiritual orientation in relation to spiritual intelligence: A consideration of traditional Christi anility and new Age/individualistic spirituality. University of South Australia.
Noble, K. (2000). Spiritual intelligence: A new frame of mind. Advanced Journal, 9, 1–28.
Pargament, K. I., Koenig, H. G., & Perez, L. M. (2000). The Many Methods of Religious Coping: Development and Initial Validation of the RCOPE. JOURNAL OF Clinical psychology, 56(4), 519–543. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4679(200004)56:4
Pargament, K. I., Smith, B. W., Koenig, H. G., & Perez, L. (1998). Patterns of Positive and Negative Religious Coping with Major Life Stressors. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 37(4), 710-724. https://doi.org/10.2307/1388152
Rafieehonar, H. (2010). A look at two different translations in Iran and the Islamization of psychology. Cultural, Social and Political Quarterly of Farhang Pooi. Puya.Nashriyat, 16.
Sadegi, M. (2012). Philosophical reflections on the pathology of human soul with regard to Sadra view. Journal of Ethics, 5(16), 110–120. http://akhlagh.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1604-fa.html
Saghervani, S. (2009). Spiritual intelligence. Ahangeghalam.
Sanjari, H. (2011). Investigating the possibility of cultivating spiritual intelligence in the light of cultivating philosophical mentality. Thesis in M.A Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz.
Sisk, D. A., & Torrance, E. (2001). Spiritual intelligence: Developing higher consciousness. Creative Education Foundation press.
Sisk, D. A. (2002). Spiritual Intelligence: The Tenth Intelligence that Integrates all other Intelligences: Http://Dx.Doi.Org/10.1177/026142940201600304, 16(3), 208–213. https://doi.org/10.1177/026142940201600304
Sohrabi, F., & Naseri, E. (2010). A study of the conception and components of spiritual intelligence and developing an instrument to assess it. Rph, 3(4), 69–77. https://rph.khu.ac.ir/article-1-123-fa.html
Sohrabi, F., & Naseri, E. (2012). Spiritual intelligence and its measurement scales. Tehran: Avayenoor.
Taherzadeh, A. (2011). The hidden self: Explantion of ten points of self-knowledge, Esfahan: Labalmizan
Vaughan, F. (2003). What is Spiritual Intelligence?: Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 42(2), 16–33. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022167802422003
West, W. (2000). Psychotherapy and spirituality (Translated). Tehran: Roshdpress.
Wolman, R. (2001). Thinking with your soul: Spiritual intelligence and why it matters. Harmony Books.
ZareBahramabadi, M., AsgharnejadFarid, A., Bahari, F., & Chami, M. (2011). The role of fasting in the Qur’an on the spiritual intelligence and happiness of fasting people. Journal of Quran and Medicine, 1(3), 83–88.
Zohar, D., & Marshall, I. (2000). SQ- Spiritual intelligence, the ultimate intelligence. Bloombury.
CAPTCHA Image