Investigation of Psychometric Properties of Young Positive Schema Questionnaire(YPSQ) in Iranian Society

Document Type : پژوهشی

Authors

• Pegah Mehrtalab ¹
• Hossein Davudi ²
• davood taghvaei ³

¹ Ph.D Student of Counseling, Department of Counseling, Faculty of Humanities, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran.

² Assistant Professor, Department of Counseling, Faculty of Humanities, Khomein Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khomein, Iran

³ Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran

10.22067/tpccp.2024.82249.1494

Abstract

Introduction: The aim of this study was to standardization and investigation of psychometric properties of the Persian version of Young Positive Schema Questionnaire in Iranian society.

Methods: The current research is practical from the point of view of the goal and from the point of view of the method of implementation, it is a descriptive-analytical study of the validation type. The statistical population of the research was all the people of Iranian society in the year 2022, who were selected by available sampling method. The statistical sample of the research was 311 people (including 206 women and 105 men) who answered the initial 95 questions of Young Positive Schema Questionnaire (Louis et al., 2018). In order to analyze the data, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, retest method, Cronbach's alpha coefficient and divergent validity were used.

Results:In this research, by performing exploratory factor analysis and using varimax rotation, 9 factors were identified, and the eigenvalue of each factor was higher than one. The remaining 50 items were used for confirmatory factor analysis, and in the end, the structural model of 9 factors was confirmed. Also, the divergent validity of this measure with the short form of Young Maladaptive Schema Questionnaire, was obtained -0.64. The reliability coefficient of this scale was calculated by Cronbach's alpha of 0.81 and by a retest method with a time interval of one month, 0.72.

Conclusion: The results of this research indicate that Young Positive Schema Questionnaire, with 9 main factors in 4 domains, has reliability and validity in Iranian society.

Keywords

• Positive Schema Questionnaire
• Psychometric Properties
• validation

Main Subjects

• Family and Marriage

---

References

Abasi, M., Ramzifard, M., Lotfi Sarjini, A., & Ghezelseflo, M. (2019). The Effect of Schema Therapy on Marriage Values and the Marriage Tendency in Single Girls in Tehran. Community health journal, 13(2), 45-55. https://doi.org/10.22123/chj.2019.176519.1266. (In Persian)

Bach, B., Lockwood, G., & Young, J. E. (2018). A new look at the schema therapy model: organization and role of early maladaptive schemas. Cognitive behaviour therapy, 47(4), 328-349. https://doi.org/10.1080/16506073.2017.1410566.

Bakhshipour, A., Mahmoud Aliloo, M., & fahimi, s. (2022). Schema therapy for patients with Symptoms Obsessive–compulsive personality disorder (OCPD): A single case series study. Journal of Psychological Science, 21(112), 677-692. http://dx.doi.org/10.52547/JPS.21.112.677. (In Persian)

Bannink, F. (2020). Practicing positive CBT: From reducing distress to building success (A. Khamseh, Trans.): Arjmand. (In Persian)

Barlow, D. H. (2021). Clinical handbook of psychological disorders: A step-by-step treatment manual: Guilford publications.

Farrell, J. M., & Shaw, I. A. (2017). Experiencing schema therapy from the inside out: A self-practice/self-reflection workbook for therapists: Guilford Publications.

Free, M. L. (2007). Cognitive therapy in groups: Guidelines and resources for practice: John Wiley & Sons.

Ghaderi, D., Mojtabai, M., & Hatami, M. (2022). Construction and validation of the early emotional needs scale based on Yang's schema therapy theory. Journal of Applied Psychology, 16(1), 112-193. https://doi.org/10.52547/apsy.2021.222985.1106. (In Persian)

khorasanizade, A., Poursharifi, H., Ranjbari pour, T., Bagheri, F., & Poya manesh, J. (2019). Structural pattern of the relationship between parent-child relation patterns and early maladaptive schemas with the mediating role of attachment styles. Journal of Applied Psychology, 13(1), 55-76. https://doi.org/10.29252/apsy.13.1.55. (In Persian)

Lockwood, G., & Perris, P. (2012). A new look at core emotional needs. The Wiley‐Blackwell handbook of schema therapy: Theory, research, and practice, 41-66.

Louis, J. P., Wood, A. M., Lockwood, G., Ho, M.-H. R., & Ferguson, E. (2018). Positive clinical psychology and Schema Therapy (ST): The development of the Young Positive Schema Questionnaire (YPSQ) to complement the Young Schema Questionnaire 3 Short Form (YSQ-S3). Psychological Assessment, 30(9), 1199. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000567. 

Masoumi, M., Hajebi, M. Z., Rabi'ei, M., & Zarghami, M. H. (2022). Network Analysis of Young's Early Maladaptive Schemas: A Research Critique. Journal of Psychology, 3(26), 252-260. http://www.iranapsy.ir/fa/Article/36444. (In Persian)

Mohammadali, S., Manavipour, D., & Sedaghatifard, M. (2020). Investigating the psychometric characteristics (validity and reliability) of the self-compassion scale: Finding empirical evidence for using the total score and defining the concept of self-compassion. Journal of Applied Psychology, 14(2), 50-29. https://doi.org/10.52547/apsy.2021.215591.0. (In Persian)  

Mohsenabadi, H., Fathi-Ashtiani, A., & Ahmadizadeh, M. J. (2021). Psychometric properties of the Persian Version of the Psychological Capital Questionnaire-24 (PCQ-24) in a military unit. Journal of Military Medicine, 23(9), 738-749.https://doi.org/10.30491/JMM.23.9.738. (In Persian)  

Paetsch, A., Moultrie, J., Kappelmann, N., Fietz, J., Bernstein, D. P., & Kopf-Beck, J. (2022). Psychometric properties of the german version of the young positive schema questionnaire (YPSQ) in the general population and psychiatric patients. Journal of Personality Assessment, 104(4), 522-531. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2021.1966020. (In Persian)

Rafaeli, E., Bernstein, D. P., & Young, J. (2011). Schema therapy: Distinctive features (M. Faraji, Trans.): Routledge.

Saboonchi, F., Dokaneifard, F., & Behbodi, M. (2020). Structural model of marital satisfaction based on attachment styles and early maladaptive schemas with mediation of sensation seeking. Quarterly of Applied Psychology, 14(1), 119-138.https://doi.org/10.52547/apsy.14.1.119. (In Persian)

Shaban, M., Peyvastegar, M., & Khosravi, Z. (2021). The effectiveness of the localized model of schema therapy on changing the schema of therapists. Journal of psychologicalscience, 20(100), 511-520. http://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.17357462.1400.20.100.2.5. (In Persian)

Shultz, K. S., Whitney, D. J., & Zickar, M. J. (2020). Measurement theory in action: Case studies and exercises: Routledge.

Videler, A. C., Van Royen, R. J., Legra, M. J., & Ouwens, M. A. (2020). Positive schemas in schema therapy with older adults: clinical implications and research suggestions. Behavioural and cognitive psychotherapy, 48(4), 481-491. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1352465820000077.

Younesi, s., Hatami, M., & Salahyan, A. (2021). Effectiveness schema therapy based on parenting styles on educational stress perception of female students. Journal of Psychological Science, 20(100), 521-532. http://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.17357462.1400.20.100.5.8. (In Persian)

Young, J. E. (2020). Cognitive therapy for personality disorders: A schema-focused approach (A. sahebi & H. Hamidpoor, Trans.): Arjmand. (In Persian)

Young, J. E., Klosko, J. S., & Weishaar, M. E. (2021). Schema therapy: A practitioner's guide (H. Hamidpoor & Z. Andooz, Trans.): Arjmand. (In Persian)

Yousefi, M., Cheraghi, M., & Panaghi, L. (2021). Predicting sides of Family Triad Model by spousesâ early maladaptive schemas. Journal of Family Psychology, 7(1), 19-38. https://doi.org/10.52547/ijfp.7.1.19. (In Persian)