بررسی اثربخشی القای خلق بر کنش های اجرایی و نظریه ذهن دانشجویان دختر

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی ارشد روانشناسی بالینی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

2 استاد دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

چکیده

هدف : این پژوهش در پی بررسی تاثیر حالت‌های خلقی مختلف ( هم خلق مثبت که شامل شادی و آرامش و هم خلق منفی که شامل ترس و خشم ) بر دو کنش اجرایی سرد (حافظه فعال و بازداری) و کنش اجرایی گرم ( نظریه ذهن) در دانشجویان دختر بود.
روش: این پژوهش از نوع نیمه­آزمایشی و از طرح پیش­آزمون – پس­آزمون است. جامعه آماری این پژوهش را کلیه دانشجویان دختر دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد در سال تحصیلی 1400-1399 تشکیل داد. در این پژوهش از افراد واجد شرایط 75 نفر به صورت در دسترس انتخاب و به صورت تصادفی در چهار گروه آزمایشی و یک کنترل گمارده شدند (15 نفر برای هر گروه). برای جمع­آوری داده­ها از پرسشنامه پاناس؛ آزمون ذهن خوانی از طریق تصویر چشم و آزمون برو-نرو و n-back و برای بررسی فرضیه‌های پژوهش نیز از آزمون کوواریانس استفاده شد.
یافتهها: نتایج پژوهش نشان داد القای خلق مثبت میزان عواطف منفی را کاهش و میزان عواطف مثبت را به طور معنی‌داری افزایش می‌دهد. همچنین القای خلق مثبت تاثیر معناداری بر کنش­های اجرایی مانند بهبود ظرفیت حافظه کاری، بازداری و بهبود عملکرد نظریه ذهن در دانشجویان دختر دارد (05/0P˂).
نتیجه‌گیری: این یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که القای خلق مثبت می‌تواند به‌عنوان یک مداخله مؤثر در بهبود کنش‌های اجرایی و نظریه ذهن مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. استفاده از این روش در محیط‌های آموزشی و روان‌شناختی می‌تواند به ارتقای عملکرد شناختی و اجتماعی دانشجویان کمک کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


Albinet, T.C., Boucard, G., Bouquet, C. A., Audiffren, M. (2012). Processing speed and executive functions in cognitive aging: How to disentangle their mutual relationship Brain and Cognition; 79:1-11.
Alexander, M. P. & Stuss, D. (2000). Disorders of frontal lobe functioning. Executive function Seminaes in Neurology, 20(4);247-437.
Allen, R.J., Schaefer, A, Falcon, T.(2014). Recollecting positive and negative autobiographical                      memories disrupts working memory. Acta Psychological. 151:237–243.
Alloway, T. P., Bibile, V., & Lau, G. (2013). Computerized working memory training: Can it lead to gains in cognitive skills in students? Computers in Human Behavior, 29(3), 632-638.
Anderson, V., Anderson, P. J., Jacobs, R., Spencer S. M. (2008). Development and assessment of executive function: From preschool to adolescence. In P. Anderson, Vicki; Jacobs, Rani; Anderson (Ed.). Executive functions and the frontal lobes: A lifespan perspective (pp. 123 – 155).   New York, USA: Psychology Press.
.https://research.monash.edu/en/publications/development-and-assessment-of-executive-function-from-preschool-t

Arjmandnia, A. Sharifi, A. Rostami, R. (1393). The effectiveness of computerized cognitive training on the performance of visual-spatial working memory of students with mathematical problems.3(4), 6-24. In persain 

Ashby, F. G. Isen, A. M., Turken, U. A. (1999). Neuropsychological theory of positive affect and its influence on cognition. Psychol Rev;106(3):529-50.
Baron-Cohen, S., Knickmeyer, R. C., & Belmonte, M. K. (2005). Sex differences in the brain: Implications for explaining autism. Science, 310(5749), 819-823.
Bakhshipour R, Dezhkam M. (2006). A Confirmatory Factor Analysis Of The Positive Affect And Negative Affect Scales (Panas). Journal of psychology, 9(4). 351- 365.In Persian https://sid.ir/paper/54494/en
Basharpoor S, Amani S, Narimani M. The Effectiveness of Narrative Exposure Therapy on Improving Posttraumatic Symptoms and Interpersonal Reactivity in Patients with Cancer. jrehab 2019; 20 (3) :230-241 .In persian
Beck, A. T.; & Emery, G. (1985). "Anxiety disorders and phobias: A cognitive perspective". New York: Basic Books.
Cardi, V., Leppanen, J., Leslie, M., Esposito, M., Treasure, J. (2019). The use of a positive mood      induction video-clip to target eating behavior in people with bulimia nervosa or binge eating disorder: An experimental study. Appetite,131(1). 400-404.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2018.12.001
 
Clarck, D. A., Beck, A. T., Alford, B. A. (1999). Scientific foundations of cognitive theory of depression. United State: John Wiley and Sons.
Clark, D. M., Purdon, C. (2004). Cognitive theory and therapy of obsessions compulsions. Journal of contemporary psychotherapy, 8: 90-116
Dadkhah, Yaser, Ahmadi Marzdashti, Negar.2019. Neuropsychological tests. In persian
Davidson, R, J. (2003). Seven sins in the study of emotion: Correctives from affective neuroscience. Brain and Cogn;52(1):129-32.
Diamond, A. (2013). Executive functions. Annual Review of Psychology. 64: 135- 168.
Dillon, D.G., Pizzagalli, D.A. (2007). Inhibition of action, thought and emotion: A selective            neurobiological review. Applied and Preventive Psychology, 12(3):99- 114.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appsy.2007.09.004
Ferguson FJ, Austin EJ. (2010). Associations of trait and ability emotional intelligence with performance on Theory of Mind tasks in an adult sample. Personality and Individual Differences, 49; PP: 414-18
Finch, J.F., Baranik, L.E., Liu, Y., West, S.G. (2012). Physical health, positive and negative affect,               and personality: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Research in Personality 46:537–545.
Ghadiri, Fateme.Jazayeri, ali. Ashayeri, hossein. Ghazi Tabatabaee, mohammad. executive function deficits in patient whith OCD-schiz disorder. Advances in cognitive Science. 2006;8(3) 11-24 In Persian
Gil, K. M., Crason, J. W., Porter, L. S., Scipio, C., Bediako, S. M., Orringer, E. (2004). Daily mood and stress predict pain, health care use and work activity in African-American adults with sickle-cell disease. Health psychol.;23(3):267-74.
Herlitz, A., & Rehnman, J. (2008). Sex differences in episodic memory. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 17(1), 52-56.
Hopko, D., Lejuez, C., Daughters, S., Aklin, W., Osborne, A., Simmons, B., et   al.(2006). Construct validity of the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART): Relationship with MDMA use by inner-city drug users in residential treatment. J Psychopath & Behav Assess.; 28 (2): 95-101
Kalanthroff, E., Cohen, N., Henik, A. (2013). Stop feeling: Inhibition of emotional interference following stop- signal trials. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. 7:1-7
Kirk, S., Gallagher, G., & Coleman, M. R. (2015). Educating Exceptional Children (14th Ed).         Cengage Learning, Printed in the United States of America.
Kering, A.M., Davison, G.C., Neale, J.M., Johnson, S.L. (2007) Abnormal Psychology Shamsipour H.,          translator. Tehran: Arjomand Publications.
Lecce, S., Bianco, F .(2018). Working memory predicts changes in children’s theory of mind          during middle childhood: A training study. Cognitive Development, 47, 71-81.
Locozi, A. (2016). Effective factors in better performance in students with learning disability. Journal of learning. 23: 45-53.
Miller, D. I., & Halpern, D. F. (2014). The new science of cognitive sex differences. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 18(1), 37-45.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2013.10.011
Mitchell R.L.C., Philips, L.H. (2007). The psychological, neurochemical and functional   neuroanatomical mediators of the effects of positive and negative mood on executive functions. Neuropsychologia. 45(4), 17-629.
Munro, B.A., Weyandt, L.L., Marraccini, M.E., Oster, Dr. (2017). The relationship between nonmedical use of prescription stimulants, executive functioning and academic outcomes. Addictive Behaviors. 65, 250-257.
Nejati, V. Zabihzadeh, A. Mohseni, M. Maleki, S.1392.Social cognition impairmentin patient with major depression; evidence from eye reading tests. Journal of applied psychology.6(5),57-70. In perisan
Ng, E. H. N., Rudner, M., Lunner, T., Pedersen, M. S., & Rönnberg, J. (2013). Effects of noise and working memory capacity on memory processing of speech for hearing-aid users. International Journal of Audiology, 433–441.
Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Morrow, J., Fredrickson, B. L. (1993). Response style and the duration of episodes of depressed mood. Abnorm Psychol;102(1):20-8.
Peterson, E., Welsh, M. C.(2014). The Development of Hot and Cool Executive Functions in Childhood and Adolescence: Are We Getting Warmer? In S. Goldstein & J. A. Naglieri      (Eds.), Handbook of Executive Functioning (pp. 45 – 69). New York, USA: Springer.https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1007/978-1-4614-8106-5_4
Razza, A. R. (2009). Associations among false-belief understanding, executive function, and social competence: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Applied DevelopmentalPsychology, 30(3), 332-343.
Shaffer, D.R., Kipp , K.(2007). Development psychology: Childhood and adolescence. California: Wadsworth Publishing, 281, 298-309.
Shields, G.S., Moons, W.G., Tewell, C.A., Yonelinas, A.P.(2016). The effect of negative affect      on cognition: Anxiety, not anger, impairs executive function. Emotion.16(6):792-797.https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000151
Soltani F, Foroozandeh E. Effectiveness of Inducing Positive Affect on Improvement Autobiographical Memory in Depressive Patients. Zanko J Med Sci. 2018; 18 (59) :57-67 . In Persian
Sosic-Vasic Z, Kröner J, Schneider S, Vasic N, Spitzer M, Streb J.(2017) The association between                 parenting behavior and executive functioning in children and young adolescents. Frontiers           in Psychology. 8:472-480.
Storbeck, J., Maswood (2016). Happiness increases verbal and spatial working memory ca pacity where sadness does not: Emotion, working memory and executive control. Cognition and Emotion. 30(5):925-938.  
Taghizadeh T, Nejati V, Mohammadzadeh A, Akbarzade Baghban A. (2014). Paper: Evolution Of Auditory And Visual Working Memory In Primary Schoolaged Children. Journal of Research in rehabilitation sciences, 10(2); 239-249. In Persian https://jrrs.mui.ac.ir/article_16819.html
Wang, Y., Wang, Y. G., Chen, S., Zhu, C., & Wang, K. (2008). Theory of mind disability in major depression with or without psychotic symptoms: A componential view. Psychiatry Research, 161, 153-161.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2007.07.018
Watson, D., Clark, L. A. (2006). Extraversion and its positive emotional core. In: Hogan R, Johnson J, Briggs S, editors. Handbook of personality psychology. San Diego: Academic Publication; 1997. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/a0021550
Watson, D., Clark, L. A., Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief         measures ofpositive and negative affect: the PANAS scales. J Pers Soc        Psychol.;54(6):1063. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063
Zare H, Ghorbani T. Comparing the Effects of Positive and Negative Induced False Memory and True Memory of People With Anxiety-depression Symptoms and Normal Iindividuals. Advances in Cognitive Sciences 2016; 18 (3) :80-89. In persian
Zelazo, P. D., Carlson, S. M. (2012). Hot and Cool Executive Function in Childhood and Adolescence: Development and Plasticity. Child Development Perspectives, 6(4),354-360. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2012-31092-006
Zhang, Y., Cole, D.A., Mick, C.R., Lovette, A.J., Garbuck, M.E. (2020). Cognitive reactivity to low positive and high negative affect. Behavior Research and Therapy, 132.
Zuber, S., Ihle, A., Loaiza, V. M., Schnitzspahn, K. M., Stahl, C., Phillips, L. H., Kaller, C. P., Kliegel, M. (2019). Explaining age differences in working memory: The role of updating, inhibition, and shifting. Psychology & Neuroscience, 12(2), 191–208.https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/pne0000151
CAPTCHA Image